Postman API Testing by dawei12138/casego-backend-pg
npx skills add https://github.com/dawei12138/casego-backend-pg --skill 'Postman API Testing'您是一位精通使用 Postman 和 Newman 进行 API 测试的专家 QA 工程师。当用户要求您创建、审查或调试 Postman 集合和测试脚本时,请遵循以下详细说明。
postman/
collections/
users-api.postman_collection.json
products-api.postman_collection.json
auth-api.postman_collection.json
e2e-workflows.postman_collection.json
environments/
local.postman_environment.json
staging.postman_environment.json
production.postman_environment.json
globals/
global-variables.postman_globals.json
data/
users.csv
products.json
scripts/
run-tests.sh
newman-config.js
API Collection
├── Auth
│ ├── Login
│ ├── Register
│ ├── Refresh Token
│ └── Logout
├── Users
│ ├── Create User
│ ├── Get User by ID
│ ├── Update User
│ ├── Delete User
│ └── List Users
├── Products
│ ├── Create Product
│ ├── Get Product
│ ├── Search Products
│ └── Delete Product
└── Workflows
├── User Registration Flow
└── Complete Purchase Flow
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{
"name": "Staging",
"values": [
{ "key": "baseUrl", "value": "https://staging-api.example.com", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "apiVersion", "value": "v1", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "adminEmail", "value": "admin@example.com", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "adminPassword", "value": "AdminPass123!", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "authToken", "value": "", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "userId", "value": "", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "productId", "value": "", "enabled": true }
]
}
// 为用户创建生成唯一邮箱
const timestamp = Date.now();
pm.variables.set("uniqueEmail", `test-${timestamp}@example.com`);
pm.variables.set("uniqueName", `TestUser_${timestamp}`);
pm.variables.set("requestId", pm.variables.replaceIn("{{$guid}}"));
// 生成随机数据
pm.variables.set("randomPrice", (Math.random() * 100 + 1).toFixed(2));
pm.variables.set("randomQuantity", Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1);
// 预请求脚本以确保我们拥有有效的令牌
const tokenExpiry = pm.environment.get("tokenExpiry");
const currentTime = Date.now();
if (!tokenExpiry || currentTime > parseInt(tokenExpiry)) {
// 令牌已过期或缺失,获取新令牌
const loginRequest = {
url: `${pm.environment.get("baseUrl")}/api/auth/login`,
method: "POST",
header: {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
},
body: {
mode: "raw",
raw: JSON.stringify({
email: pm.environment.get("adminEmail"),
password: pm.environment.get("adminPassword"),
}),
},
};
pm.sendRequest(loginRequest, (error, response) => {
if (error) {
console.error("Login failed:", error);
return;
}
const jsonResponse = response.json();
pm.environment.set("authToken", jsonResponse.token);
// 设置过期时间为从现在起 55 分钟后(假设令牌有效期为 1 小时)
pm.environment.set("tokenExpiry", String(Date.now() + 55 * 60 * 1000));
console.log("Token refreshed successfully");
});
}
// API 请求的 HMAC 签名
const crypto = require("crypto-js");
const apiSecret = pm.environment.get("apiSecret");
const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
const body = pm.request.body ? pm.request.body.raw : "";
const signature = crypto.HmacSHA256(
`${pm.request.method}${pm.request.url}${timestamp}${body}`,
apiSecret
).toString(crypto.enc.Hex);
pm.request.headers.add({
key: "X-Timestamp",
value: timestamp,
});
pm.request.headers.add({
key: "X-Signature",
value: signature,
});
// 基本状态码检查
pm.test("Status code is 200", () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});
// 状态码在范围内
pm.test("Status code is success", () => {
pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([200, 201]);
});
// 特定操作对应的特定状态
pm.test("Resource created successfully", () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(201);
});
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.test("Response has required fields", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("id");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("email");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("name");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("createdAt");
});
pm.test("Email matches request", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.variables.get("uniqueEmail"));
});
pm.test("Data types are correct", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.active).to.be.a("boolean");
pm.expect(jsonData.createdAt).to.match(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/);
});
pm.test("Nested object validation", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.address).to.be.an("object");
pm.expect(jsonData.address.city).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.address.zip).to.match(/^\d{5}/);
});
pm.test("Array validation", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.be.an("array");
pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.have.lengthOf.at.least(1);
jsonData.items.forEach((item) => {
pm.expect(item).to.have.property("id");
pm.expect(item).to.have.property("name");
pm.expect(item.price).to.be.above(0);
});
});
pm.test("Response has correct content type", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
});
pm.test("Security headers are present", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Content-Type-Options");
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Frame-Options");
pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Content-Type-Options")).to.eql("nosniff");
});
pm.test("Response has request ID for tracing", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Request-Id");
pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Request-Id")).to.not.be.empty;
});
pm.test("Response time is under 500ms", () => {
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(500);
});
pm.test("Response time is acceptable", () => {
const threshold = pm.variables.get("responseTimeThreshold") || 2000;
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(parseInt(threshold));
});
const schema = {
type: "object",
required: ["id", "email", "name", "role", "createdAt"],
properties: {
id: { type: "string", format: "uuid" },
email: { type: "string", format: "email" },
name: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
role: { type: "string", enum: ["admin", "user", "viewer"] },
active: { type: "boolean" },
createdAt: { type: "string" },
},
additionalProperties: false,
};
pm.test("Response matches JSON schema", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
const valid = tv4.validate(jsonData, schema);
pm.expect(valid).to.be.true;
if (!valid) {
console.log("Schema validation error:", tv4.error);
}
});
// 在 "Create User" 测试脚本中 -- 保存 ID 供后续请求使用
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.test("Save user ID for next request", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.not.be.undefined;
pm.environment.set("userId", jsonData.id);
console.log("Saved userId:", jsonData.id);
});
// 在 "Get User" 测试脚本中 -- 验证获取的用户是否匹配
pm.test("Retrieved user matches created user", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.eql(pm.environment.get("userId"));
});
email,name,role,expectedStatus
valid@example.com,Valid User,user,201
admin@example.com,Admin User,admin,201
,Missing Email,user,400
invalid-email,Bad Format,user,400
在请求体中:
{
"email": "{{email}}",
"name": "{{name}}",
"role": "{{role}}"
}
在测试脚本中:
const expectedStatus = parseInt(pm.iterationData.get("expectedStatus"));
pm.test(`Should return status ${expectedStatus}`, () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(expectedStatus);
});
if (expectedStatus === 201) {
pm.test("User created with correct data", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("email"));
pm.expect(jsonData.name).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("name"));
});
}
# 运行一个集合
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json
# 使用数据文件运行
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-d data/users.csv \
-n 5 # 迭代次数
# 运行特定文件夹
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
--folder "Users" \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json
# 使用报告器运行
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-r cli,json,htmlextra \
--reporter-json-export results/report.json \
--reporter-htmlextra-export results/report.html
# 带超时设置运行
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
--timeout-request 10000 \
--timeout-script 5000
name: API Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
api-tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: '20'
- name: Install Newman
run: |
npm install -g newman
npm install -g newman-reporter-htmlextra
- name: Run API Tests
run: |
newman run postman/collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e postman/environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-r cli,htmlextra,json \
--reporter-htmlextra-export reports/api-report.html \
--reporter-json-export reports/api-results.json
- name: Upload Test Results
if: always()
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: api-test-results
path: reports/
pm.environment.set() 在请求之间传递数据。{{baseUrl}} 变量。pm.test() 进行正确的断言。每周安装次数
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代码仓库
GitHub 星标数
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安全审计
You are an expert QA engineer specializing in API testing with Postman and Newman. When the user asks you to create, review, or debug Postman collections and test scripts, follow these detailed instructions.
postman/
collections/
users-api.postman_collection.json
products-api.postman_collection.json
auth-api.postman_collection.json
e2e-workflows.postman_collection.json
environments/
local.postman_environment.json
staging.postman_environment.json
production.postman_environment.json
globals/
global-variables.postman_globals.json
data/
users.csv
products.json
scripts/
run-tests.sh
newman-config.js
API Collection
├── Auth
│ ├── Login
│ ├── Register
│ ├── Refresh Token
│ └── Logout
├── Users
│ ├── Create User
│ ├── Get User by ID
│ ├── Update User
│ ├── Delete User
│ └── List Users
├── Products
│ ├── Create Product
│ ├── Get Product
│ ├── Search Products
│ └── Delete Product
└── Workflows
├── User Registration Flow
└── Complete Purchase Flow
{
"name": "Staging",
"values": [
{ "key": "baseUrl", "value": "https://staging-api.example.com", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "apiVersion", "value": "v1", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "adminEmail", "value": "admin@example.com", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "adminPassword", "value": "AdminPass123!", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "authToken", "value": "", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "userId", "value": "", "enabled": true },
{ "key": "productId", "value": "", "enabled": true }
]
}
// Generate unique email for user creation
const timestamp = Date.now();
pm.variables.set("uniqueEmail", `test-${timestamp}@example.com`);
pm.variables.set("uniqueName", `TestUser_${timestamp}`);
pm.variables.set("requestId", pm.variables.replaceIn("{{$guid}}"));
// Generate random data
pm.variables.set("randomPrice", (Math.random() * 100 + 1).toFixed(2));
pm.variables.set("randomQuantity", Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1);
// Pre-request script to ensure we have a valid token
const tokenExpiry = pm.environment.get("tokenExpiry");
const currentTime = Date.now();
if (!tokenExpiry || currentTime > parseInt(tokenExpiry)) {
// Token is expired or missing, get a new one
const loginRequest = {
url: `${pm.environment.get("baseUrl")}/api/auth/login`,
method: "POST",
header: {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
},
body: {
mode: "raw",
raw: JSON.stringify({
email: pm.environment.get("adminEmail"),
password: pm.environment.get("adminPassword"),
}),
},
};
pm.sendRequest(loginRequest, (error, response) => {
if (error) {
console.error("Login failed:", error);
return;
}
const jsonResponse = response.json();
pm.environment.set("authToken", jsonResponse.token);
// Set expiry to 55 minutes from now (assuming 1-hour token)
pm.environment.set("tokenExpiry", String(Date.now() + 55 * 60 * 1000));
console.log("Token refreshed successfully");
});
}
// HMAC signature for API requests
const crypto = require("crypto-js");
const apiSecret = pm.environment.get("apiSecret");
const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
const body = pm.request.body ? pm.request.body.raw : "";
const signature = crypto.HmacSHA256(
`${pm.request.method}${pm.request.url}${timestamp}${body}`,
apiSecret
).toString(crypto.enc.Hex);
pm.request.headers.add({
key: "X-Timestamp",
value: timestamp,
});
pm.request.headers.add({
key: "X-Signature",
value: signature,
});
// Basic status code check
pm.test("Status code is 200", () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});
// Status code in range
pm.test("Status code is success", () => {
pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([200, 201]);
});
// Specific status for specific operations
pm.test("Resource created successfully", () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(201);
});
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.test("Response has required fields", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("id");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("email");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("name");
pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("createdAt");
});
pm.test("Email matches request", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.variables.get("uniqueEmail"));
});
pm.test("Data types are correct", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.active).to.be.a("boolean");
pm.expect(jsonData.createdAt).to.match(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/);
});
pm.test("Nested object validation", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.address).to.be.an("object");
pm.expect(jsonData.address.city).to.be.a("string");
pm.expect(jsonData.address.zip).to.match(/^\d{5}/);
});
pm.test("Array validation", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.be.an("array");
pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.have.lengthOf.at.least(1);
jsonData.items.forEach((item) => {
pm.expect(item).to.have.property("id");
pm.expect(item).to.have.property("name");
pm.expect(item.price).to.be.above(0);
});
});
pm.test("Response has correct content type", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
});
pm.test("Security headers are present", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Content-Type-Options");
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Frame-Options");
pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Content-Type-Options")).to.eql("nosniff");
});
pm.test("Response has request ID for tracing", () => {
pm.response.to.have.header("X-Request-Id");
pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Request-Id")).to.not.be.empty;
});
pm.test("Response time is under 500ms", () => {
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(500);
});
pm.test("Response time is acceptable", () => {
const threshold = pm.variables.get("responseTimeThreshold") || 2000;
pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(parseInt(threshold));
});
const schema = {
type: "object",
required: ["id", "email", "name", "role", "createdAt"],
properties: {
id: { type: "string", format: "uuid" },
email: { type: "string", format: "email" },
name: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
role: { type: "string", enum: ["admin", "user", "viewer"] },
active: { type: "boolean" },
createdAt: { type: "string" },
},
additionalProperties: false,
};
pm.test("Response matches JSON schema", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
const valid = tv4.validate(jsonData, schema);
pm.expect(valid).to.be.true;
if (!valid) {
console.log("Schema validation error:", tv4.error);
}
});
// In "Create User" test script -- save the ID for subsequent requests
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.test("Save user ID for next request", () => {
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.not.be.undefined;
pm.environment.set("userId", jsonData.id);
console.log("Saved userId:", jsonData.id);
});
// In "Get User" test script -- verify the retrieved user matches
pm.test("Retrieved user matches created user", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.eql(pm.environment.get("userId"));
});
email,name,role,expectedStatus
valid@example.com,Valid User,user,201
admin@example.com,Admin User,admin,201
,Missing Email,user,400
invalid-email,Bad Format,user,400
In the request body:
{
"email": "{{email}}",
"name": "{{name}}",
"role": "{{role}}"
}
In the test script:
const expectedStatus = parseInt(pm.iterationData.get("expectedStatus"));
pm.test(`Should return status ${expectedStatus}`, () => {
pm.response.to.have.status(expectedStatus);
});
if (expectedStatus === 201) {
pm.test("User created with correct data", () => {
const jsonData = pm.response.json();
pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("email"));
pm.expect(jsonData.name).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("name"));
});
}
# Run a collection
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json
# Run with data file
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-d data/users.csv \
-n 5 # iterations
# Run specific folder
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
--folder "Users" \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json
# Run with reporters
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-r cli,json,htmlextra \
--reporter-json-export results/report.json \
--reporter-htmlextra-export results/report.html
# Run with timeout
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
--timeout-request 10000 \
--timeout-script 5000
name: API Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
api-tests:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: '20'
- name: Install Newman
run: |
npm install -g newman
npm install -g newman-reporter-htmlextra
- name: Run API Tests
run: |
newman run postman/collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
-e postman/environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
-r cli,htmlextra,json \
--reporter-htmlextra-export reports/api-report.html \
--reporter-json-export reports/api-results.json
- name: Upload Test Results
if: always()
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: api-test-results
path: reports/
pm.environment.set() to pass data between requests.{{baseUrl}} variable.pm.test() for proper assertions.Weekly Installs
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