路由参数

使用信号输入（推荐）

// 路由配置
{ path: 'users/:id', component: UserDetail }

// 组件 - 使用 input() 获取路由参数
import { Component, input, computed } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-user-detail',
  template: `
    <h1>用户 {{ id() }}</h1>
  `,
})
export class UserDetail {
  // 路由参数作为信号输入
  id = input.required<string>();
  
  // 基于路由参数的计算属性
  userId = computed(() => parseInt(this.id(), 10));
}

通过 withComponentInputBinding() 启用：

// app.config.ts
import { provideRouter, withComponentInputBinding } from '@angular/router';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [
    provideRouter(routes, withComponentInputBinding()),
  ],
};

查询参数

// 路由: /search?q=angular&page=1

@Component({...})
export class Search {
  // 查询参数作为输入
  q = input<string>('');
  page = input<string>('1');
  
  currentPage = computed(() => parseInt(this.page(), 10));
}

使用 ActivatedRoute（备选方案）

import { Component, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';
import { toSignal } from '@angular/core/rxjs-interop';
import { map } from 'rxjs';

@Component({...})
export class UserDetail {
  private route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
  
  // 将路由参数转换为信号
  id = toSignal(
    this.route.paramMap.pipe(map(params => params.get('id'))),
    { initialValue: null }
  );
  
  // 查询参数
  query = toSignal(
    this.route.queryParamMap.pipe(map(params => params.get('q'))),
    { initialValue: '' }
  );
}

函数式守卫

身份验证守卫

// guards/auth.guard.ts
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivateFn, Router } from '@angular/router';

export const authGuard: CanActivateFn = (route, state) => {
  const authService = inject(Auth);
  const router = inject(Router);
  
  if (authService.isAuthenticated()) {
    return true;
  }
  
  // 重定向到登录页并携带返回 URL
  return router.createUrlTree(['/login'], {
    queryParams: { returnUrl: state.url },
  });
};

// 在路由中使用
{
  path: 'dashboard',
  component: Dashboard,
  canActivate: [authGuard],
}

角色守卫

export const roleGuard = (allowedRoles: string[]): CanActivateFn => {
  return (route, state) => {
    const authService = inject(Auth);
    const router = inject(Router);
    
    const userRole = authService.currentUser()?.role;
    
    if (userRole && allowedRoles.includes(userRole)) {
      return true;
    }
    
    return router.createUrlTree(['/unauthorized']);
  };
};

// 使用
{
  path: 'admin',
  component: Admin,
  canActivate: [authGuard, roleGuard(['admin', 'superadmin'])],
}

离开守卫

export interface CanDeactivate {
  canDeactivate: () => boolean | Promise<boolean>;
}

export const unsavedChangesGuard: CanDeactivateFn<CanDeactivate> = (component) => {
  if (component.canDeactivate()) {
    return true;
  }
  
  return confirm('您有未保存的更改。确定要离开吗？');
};

// 组件实现
@Component({...})
export class Edit implements CanDeactivate {
  form = inject(FormBuilder).group({...});
  
  canDeactivate(): boolean {
    return !this.form.dirty;
  }
}

// 路由
{
  path: 'edit/:id',
  component: Edit,
  canDeactivate: [unsavedChangesGuard],
}

解析器

在路由激活前预取数据：

// resolvers/user.resolver.ts
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { ResolveFn } from '@angular/router';

export const userResolver: ResolveFn<User> = (route) => {
  const userService = inject(User);
  const id = route.paramMap.get('id')!;
  return userService.getById(id);
};

// 路由配置
{
  path: 'users/:id',
  component: UserDetail,
  resolve: { user: userResolver },
}

// 组件 - 通过输入访问解析后的数据
@Component({...})
export class UserDetail {
  user = input.required<User>();
}

嵌套路由

// 包含子路由的父路由
export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    component: ProductsLayout,
    children: [
      { path: '', component: ProductList },
      { path: ':id', component: ProductDetail },
      { path: ':id/edit', component: ProductEdit },
    ],
  },
];

// ProductsLayout
@Component({
  imports: [RouterOutlet],
  template: `
    <h1>产品</h1>
    <router-outlet /> <!-- 子路由在此处渲染 -->
  `,
})
export class ProductsLayout {}

编程式导航

import { Component, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';

@Component({...})
export class Product {
  private router = inject(Router);
  
  // 导航到路由
  goToProducts() {
    this.router.navigate(['/products']);
  }
  
  // 带参数导航
  goToProduct(id: string) {
    this.router.navigate(['/products', id]);
  }
  
  // 带查询参数导航
  search(query: string) {
    this.router.navigate(['/search'], {
      queryParams: { q: query, page: 1 },
    });
  }
  
  // 相对于当前路由导航
  goToEdit() {
    this.router.navigate(['edit'], { relativeTo: this.route });
  }
  
  // 替换当前历史记录条目
  replaceUrl() {
    this.router.navigate(['/new-page'], { replaceUrl: true });
  }
}

路由数据

// 静态路由数据
{
  path: 'admin',
  component: Admin,
  data: {
    title: '管理员仪表板',
    roles: ['admin'],
  },
}

// 在组件中访问
@Component({...})
export class AdminCmpt {
  title = input<string>(); // 来自路由数据
  roles = input<string[]>(); // 来自路由数据
}

// 或通过 ActivatedRoute
private route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
data = toSignal(this.route.data);

路由事件

import { Router, NavigationStart, NavigationEnd } from '@angular/router';
import { filter } from 'rxjs';

@Component({...})
export class AppMain {
  private router = inject(Router);
  
  isNavigating = signal(false);
  
  constructor() {
    this.router.events.pipe(
      filter(e => e instanceof NavigationStart || e instanceof NavigationEnd)
    ).subscribe(event => {
      this.isNavigating.set(event instanceof NavigationStart);
    });
  }
}

关于高级模式，请参阅 references/routing-patterns.md。

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Route Parameters

With Signal Inputs (Recommended)

// Route config
{ path: 'users/:id', component: UserDetail }

// Component - use input() for route params
import { Component, input, computed } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-user-detail',
  template: `
    <h1>User {{ id() }}</h1>
  `,
})
export class UserDetail {
  // Route param as signal input
  id = input.required<string>();
  
  // Computed based on route param
  userId = computed(() => parseInt(this.id(), 10));
}

Enable with withComponentInputBinding():

// app.config.ts
import { provideRouter, withComponentInputBinding } from '@angular/router';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [
    provideRouter(routes, withComponentInputBinding()),
  ],
};

Query Parameters

// Route: /search?q=angular&page=1

@Component({...})
export class Search {
  // Query params as inputs
  q = input<string>('');
  page = input<string>('1');
  
  currentPage = computed(() => parseInt(this.page(), 10));
}

With ActivatedRoute (Alternative)

import { Component, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';
import { toSignal } from '@angular/core/rxjs-interop';
import { map } from 'rxjs';

@Component({...})
export class UserDetail {
  private route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
  
  // Convert route params to signal
  id = toSignal(
    this.route.paramMap.pipe(map(params => params.get('id'))),
    { initialValue: null }
  );
  
  // Query params
  query = toSignal(
    this.route.queryParamMap.pipe(map(params => params.get('q'))),
    { initialValue: '' }
  );
}

Functional Guards

Auth Guard

// guards/auth.guard.ts
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivateFn, Router } from '@angular/router';

export const authGuard: CanActivateFn = (route, state) => {
  const authService = inject(Auth);
  const router = inject(Router);
  
  if (authService.isAuthenticated()) {
    return true;
  }
  
  // Redirect to login with return URL
  return router.createUrlTree(['/login'], {
    queryParams: { returnUrl: state.url },
  });
};

// Usage in routes
{
  path: 'dashboard',
  component: Dashboard,
  canActivate: [authGuard],
}

Role Guard

export const roleGuard = (allowedRoles: string[]): CanActivateFn => {
  return (route, state) => {
    const authService = inject(Auth);
    const router = inject(Router);
    
    const userRole = authService.currentUser()?.role;
    
    if (userRole && allowedRoles.includes(userRole)) {
      return true;
    }
    
    return router.createUrlTree(['/unauthorized']);
  };
};

// Usage
{
  path: 'admin',
  component: Admin,
  canActivate: [authGuard, roleGuard(['admin', 'superadmin'])],
}

Can Deactivate Guard

export interface CanDeactivate {
  canDeactivate: () => boolean | Promise<boolean>;
}

export const unsavedChangesGuard: CanDeactivateFn<CanDeactivate> = (component) => {
  if (component.canDeactivate()) {
    return true;
  }
  
  return confirm('You have unsaved changes. Leave anyway?');
};

// Component implementation
@Component({...})
export class Edit implements CanDeactivate {
  form = inject(FormBuilder).group({...});
  
  canDeactivate(): boolean {
    return !this.form.dirty;
  }
}

// Route
{
  path: 'edit/:id',
  component: Edit,
  canDeactivate: [unsavedChangesGuard],
}

Resolvers

Pre-fetch data before route activation:

// resolvers/user.resolver.ts
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { ResolveFn } from '@angular/router';

export const userResolver: ResolveFn<User> = (route) => {
  const userService = inject(User);
  const id = route.paramMap.get('id')!;
  return userService.getById(id);
};

// Route config
{
  path: 'users/:id',
  component: UserDetail,
  resolve: { user: userResolver },
}

// Component - access resolved data via input
@Component({...})
export class UserDetail {
  user = input.required<User>();
}

Nested Routes

// Parent route with children
export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'products',
    component: ProductsLayout,
    children: [
      { path: '', component: ProductList },
      { path: ':id', component: ProductDetail },
      { path: ':id/edit', component: ProductEdit },
    ],
  },
];

// ProductsLayout
@Component({
  imports: [RouterOutlet],
  template: `
    <h1>Products</h1>
    <router-outlet /> <!-- Child routes render here -->
  `,
})
export class ProductsLayout {}

Programmatic Navigation

import { Component, inject } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';

@Component({...})
export class Product {
  private router = inject(Router);
  
  // Navigate to route
  goToProducts() {
    this.router.navigate(['/products']);
  }
  
  // Navigate with params
  goToProduct(id: string) {
    this.router.navigate(['/products', id]);
  }
  
  // Navigate with query params
  search(query: string) {
    this.router.navigate(['/search'], {
      queryParams: { q: query, page: 1 },
    });
  }
  
  // Navigate relative to current route
  goToEdit() {
    this.router.navigate(['edit'], { relativeTo: this.route });
  }
  
  // Replace current history entry
  replaceUrl() {
    this.router.navigate(['/new-page'], { replaceUrl: true });
  }
}

Route Data

// Static route data
{
  path: 'admin',
  component: Admin,
  data: {
    title: 'Admin Dashboard',
    roles: ['admin'],
  },
}

// Access in component
@Component({...})
export class AdminCmpt {
  title = input<string>(); // From route data
  roles = input<string[]>(); // From route data
}

// Or via ActivatedRoute
private route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
data = toSignal(this.route.data);

Router Events

import { Router, NavigationStart, NavigationEnd } from '@angular/router';
import { filter } from 'rxjs';

@Component({...})
export class AppMain {
  private router = inject(Router);
  
  isNavigating = signal(false);
  
  constructor() {
    this.router.events.pipe(
      filter(e => e instanceof NavigationStart || e instanceof NavigationEnd)
    ).subscribe(event => {
      this.isNavigating.set(event instanceof NavigationStart);
    });
  }
}

For advanced patterns, see references/routing-patterns.md.

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