Hono 中间件模式详解：洋葱模型、类型安全与25+内置中间件

hono-middleware by bobmatnyc/claude-mpm-skills

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29 GitHub Stars

GitHub

安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/bobmatnyc/claude-mpm-skills --skill hono-middleware

Node.js JavaScript 框架 API

🇨🇳中文介绍

Hono 中间件模式

概述

Hono 提供了一个强大的中间件系统，采用“洋葱”执行模型。中间件在处理器之前处理请求，在处理器之后处理响应，从而实现诸如身份验证、日志记录和 CORS 等横切关注点。

主要特性：

洋葱式执行顺序
使用 createMiddleware 创建类型安全的中间件
25 多个内置中间件
中间件之间的上下文变量传递
全面支持异步/等待

何时使用此技能

在以下场景中使用 Hono 中间件：

添加身份验证/授权
为跨域请求实现 CORS
添加请求日志记录或计时
压缩响应
对 API 端点进行速率限制
在处理器之前验证请求

中间件基础

内联中间件

import { Hono } from 'hono'

const app = new Hono()

// 简单的日志记录中间件
app.use('*', async (c, next) => {
  console.log(`[${c.req.method}] ${c.req.url}`)
  await next()
})

// 路径特定的中间件
app.use('/api/*', async (c, next) => {
  const start = Date.now()
  await next()
  const ms = Date.now() - start
  c.header('X-Response-Time', `${ms}ms`)
})

执行顺序（洋葱模型）

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('1. 之前（最先进入）')
  await next()
  console.log('6. 之后（最后退出）')
})

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('2. 之前（第二进入）')
  await next()
  console.log('5. 之后（第二退出）')
})

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('3. 之前（第三进入）')
  await next()
  console.log('4. 之后（第三退出）')
})

app.get('/', (c) => {
  console.log('处理器')
  return c.text('Hello!')
})

// 输出：
// 1. 之前（最先进入）
// 2. 之前（第二进入）
// 3. 之前（第三进入）
// 处理器
// 4. 之后（第三退出）
// 5. 之后（第二退出）
// 6. 之后（最后退出）

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创建可重用中间件

import { createMiddleware } from 'hono/factory'

// 类型安全的可重用中间件
const logger = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${c.req.method} ${c.req.path}`)
  await next()
})

// 带选项的中间件
const timing = (headerName = 'X-Response-Time') => {
  return createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
    const start = Date.now()
    await next()
    c.header(headerName, `${Date.now() - start}ms`)
  })
}

app.use(logger)
app.use(timing('X-Duration'))

在中间件之间传递数据

import { createMiddleware } from 'hono/factory'

// 定义变量类型
type Variables = {
  user: { id: string; email: string; role: string }
  requestId: string
}

const app = new Hono<{ Variables: Variables }>()

// 身份验证中间件设置用户
const auth = createMiddleware<{ Variables: Variables }>(async (c, next) => {
  const token = c.req.header('Authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')

  if (!token) {
    return c.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, 401)
  }

  const user = await verifyToken(token)
  c.set('user', user)  // 类型安全！
  await next()
})

// 请求 ID 中间件
const requestId = createMiddleware<{ Variables: Variables }>(async (c, next) => {
  c.set('requestId', crypto.randomUUID())
  await next()
})

app.use(requestId)
app.use('/api/*', auth)

app.get('/api/profile', (c) => {
  const user = c.get('user')      // 类型：{ id, email, role }
  const reqId = c.get('requestId') // 类型：string
  return c.json({ user, requestId: reqId })
})

import { cors } from 'hono/cors'

// 简单 - 允许所有来源
app.use('/api/*', cors())

// 已配置
app.use('/api/*', cors({
  origin: ['https://example.com', 'https://app.example.com'],
  allowMethods: ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'],
  allowHeaders: ['Content-Type', 'Authorization'],
  exposeHeaders: ['X-Total-Count'],
  credentials: true,
  maxAge: 86400
}))

// 动态来源
app.use('/api/*', cors({
  origin: (origin) => {
    return origin.endsWith('.example.com')
      ? origin
      : 'https://example.com'
  }
}))

import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'

// 简单的令牌验证
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({ token: 'my-secret-token' }))

// 多个令牌
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({
  token: ['token1', 'token2', 'token3']
}))

// 自定义验证
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({
  verifyToken: async (token, c) => {
    const user = await validateJWT(token)
    if (user) {
      c.set('user', user)
      return true
    }
    return false
  }
}))

import { basicAuth } from 'hono/basic-auth'

app.use('/admin/*', basicAuth({
  username: 'admin',
  password: 'secret'  // pragma: allowlist secret
}))

// 多个用户
app.use('/admin/*', basicAuth({
  verifyUser: (username, password, c) => {
    return username === 'admin' && password === process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD
  }
}))

import { jwt } from 'hono/jwt'

app.use('/api/*', jwt({
  secret: 'my-jwt-secret'  // pragma: allowlist secret
}))

// 在处理器中访问有效负载
app.get('/api/profile', (c) => {
  const payload = c.get('jwtPayload')
  return c.json({ userId: payload.sub })
})

// 带算法
app.use('/api/*', jwt({
  secret: 'secret',  // pragma: allowlist secret
  alg: 'HS256'
}))

import { logger } from 'hono/logger'

// 默认格式
app.use(logger())

// 自定义格式
app.use(logger((str, ...rest) => {
  console.log(`[API] ${str}`, ...rest)
}))

// 输出：<-- GET /api/users
//         --> GET /api/users 200 12ms

import { prettyJSON } from 'hono/pretty-json'

// 添加 ?pretty 以格式化 JSON 响应
app.use(prettyJSON())

// GET /api/users         → {"users":[...]}
// GET /api/users?pretty  → 格式化的 JSON

import { compress } from 'hono/compress'

app.use(compress())

// 带选项
app.use(compress({
  encoding: 'gzip'  // 'gzip' | 'deflate'
}))

import { etag } from 'hono/etag'

app.use(etag())

// 弱 ETag
app.use(etag({ weak: true }))

import { cache } from 'hono/cache'

// Cloudflare Workers 缓存
app.use('/static/*', cache({
  cacheName: 'my-app',
  cacheControl: 'max-age=3600'
}))

import { secureHeaders } from 'hono/secure-headers'

app.use(secureHeaders())

// 已配置
app.use(secureHeaders({
  contentSecurityPolicy: {
    defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
    scriptSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"]
  },
  xFrameOptions: 'DENY',
  xXssProtection: '1; mode=block'
}))

import { csrf } from 'hono/csrf'

app.use(csrf())

// 带选项
app.use(csrf({
  origin: ['https://example.com']
}))

import { timeout } from 'hono/timeout'

// 5 秒超时
app.use('/api/*', timeout(5000))

// 自定义错误
app.use('/api/*', timeout(5000, () => {
  return new Response('请求超时', { status: 408 })
}))

import { requestId } from 'hono/request-id'

app.use(requestId())

app.get('/', (c) => {
  const id = c.get('requestId')
  return c.json({ requestId: id })
})

// 根据条件应用中间件
const conditionalAuth = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  // 对健康检查跳过身份验证
  if (c.req.path === '/health') {
    return next()
  }

  // 对其他所有内容应用身份验证
  const token = c.req.header('Authorization')
  if (!token) {
    return c.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, 401)
  }

  await next()
})

import { every, some } from 'hono/combine'

// 所有中间件必须通过
const strictAuth = every(
  bearerAuth({ token: 'secret' }),
  ipRestriction(['192.168.1.0/24']),
  rateLimiter({ max: 100 })
)

// 任何中间件可以通过
const flexibleAuth = some(
  bearerAuth({ token: 'api-key' }),
  basicAuth({ username: 'user', password: 'pass' })  // pragma: allowlist secret
)

app.use('/api/*', strictAuth)
app.use('/public/*', flexibleAuth)

const addHeaders = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  await next()

  // 在处理器之后修改响应
  c.res.headers.set('X-Powered-By', 'Hono')
  c.res.headers.set('X-Request-Id', c.get('requestId'))
})

const transformResponse = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  await next()

  // 完全替换响应
  const originalBody = await c.res.json()
  c.res = new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ data: originalBody, timestamp: Date.now() }),
    c.res
  )
})

中间件中的错误处理

import { HTTPException } from 'hono/http-exception'

const safeMiddleware = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  try {
    await next()
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof HTTPException) {
      throw error  // 重新抛出 HTTP 异常
    }

    // 记录并转换其他错误
    console.error('中间件错误：', error)
    throw new HTTPException(500, { message: '内部错误' })
  }
})

// 简单的内存速率限制器
const rateLimiter = (options: { max: number; window: number }) => {
  const requests = new Map<string, { count: number; reset: number }>()

  return createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
    const ip = c.req.header('CF-Connecting-IP') || 'unknown'
    const now = Date.now()

    let record = requests.get(ip)

    if (!record || now > record.reset) {
      record = { count: 0, reset: now + options.window }
      requests.set(ip, record)
    }

    record.count++

    if (record.count > options.max) {
      c.header('Retry-After', String(Math.ceil((record.reset - now) / 1000)))
      return c.json({ error: '超出速率限制' }, 429)
    }

    c.header('X-RateLimit-Limit', String(options.max))
    c.header('X-RateLimit-Remaining', String(options.max - record.count))

    await next()
  })
}

app.use('/api/*', rateLimiter({ max: 100, window: 60000 }))

中间件顺序最佳实践

const app = new Hono()

// 1. 请求 ID（最先 - 用于跟踪）
app.use(requestId())

// 2. 日志记录器（尽早 - 记录所有请求）
app.use(logger())

// 3. 安全头部
app.use(secureHeaders())

// 4. CORS（在身份验证之前 - 用于预检）
app.use('/api/*', cors())

// 5. 压缩
app.use(compress())

// 6. 速率限制
app.use('/api/*', rateLimiter({ max: 100, window: 60000 }))

// 7. 身份验证
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({ verifyToken }))

// 8. 请求验证（在身份验证之后）
app.use('/api/*', validator)

// 9. 路由
app.route('/api', apiRoutes)

// 10. 未找到处理器（最后）
app.notFound((c) => c.json({ error: '未找到' }, 404))

中间件	导入	用途
`cors`	`hono/cors`	跨域请求
`bearerAuth`	`hono/bearer-auth`	Bearer 令牌身份验证
`basicAuth`	`hono/basic-auth`	HTTP 基本身份验证
`jwt`	`hono/jwt`	JWT 验证
`logger`	`hono/logger`	请求日志记录
`prettyJSON`	`hono/pretty-json`	JSON 格式化
`compress`	`hono/compress`	响应压缩
`etag`	`hono/etag`	ETag 头部
`cache`	`hono/cache`	响应缓存
`secureHeaders`	`hono/secure-headers`	安全头部
`csrf`	`hono/csrf`	CSRF 保护
`timeout`	`hono/timeout`	请求超时
`requestId`	`hono/request-id`	请求 ID 头部

npm install @hono/zod-validator    # Zod 验证
npm install @hono/graphql-server   # GraphQL
npm install @hono/swagger-ui       # Swagger UI
npm install @hono/prometheus       # Prometheus 指标
npm install @hono/sentry           # Sentry 错误跟踪

hono-core - 框架基础
hono-validation - 使用 Zod 进行请求验证
hono-cloudflare - Cloudflare 特定的中间件

版本 : Hono 4.x 最后更新 : 2025 年 1 月 许可证 : MIT

2026 年 1 月 23 日

🇺🇸English

Hono Middleware Patterns

Overview

Hono provides a powerful middleware system with an "onion" execution model. Middleware processes requests before handlers and responses after handlers, enabling cross-cutting concerns like authentication, logging, and CORS.

Key Features :

Onion-style execution order
Type-safe middleware creation with createMiddleware
25+ built-in middleware
Context variable passing between middleware
Async/await support throughout

When to Use This Skill

Use Hono middleware when:

Adding authentication/authorization
Implementing CORS for cross-origin requests
Adding request logging or timing
Compressing responses
Rate limiting API endpoints
Validating requests before handlers

Middleware Basics

Inline Middleware

import { Hono } from 'hono'

const app = new Hono()

// Simple logging middleware
app.use('*', async (c, next) => {
  console.log(`[${c.req.method}] ${c.req.url}`)
  await next()
})

// Path-specific middleware
app.use('/api/*', async (c, next) => {
  const start = Date.now()
  await next()
  const ms = Date.now() - start
  c.header('X-Response-Time', `${ms}ms`)
})

Execution Order (Onion Model)

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('1. Before (first in)')
  await next()
  console.log('6. After (first out)')
})

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('2. Before (second in)')
  await next()
  console.log('5. After (second out)')
})

app.use(async (c, next) => {
  console.log('3. Before (third in)')
  await next()
  console.log('4. After (third out)')
})

app.get('/', (c) => {
  console.log('Handler')
  return c.text('Hello!')
})

// Output:
// 1. Before (first in)
// 2. Before (second in)
// 3. Before (third in)
// Handler
// 4. After (third out)
// 5. After (second out)
// 6. After (first out)

Creating Reusable Middleware

import { createMiddleware } from 'hono/factory'

// Type-safe reusable middleware
const logger = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${c.req.method} ${c.req.path}`)
  await next()
})

// Middleware with options
const timing = (headerName = 'X-Response-Time') => {
  return createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
    const start = Date.now()
    await next()
    c.header(headerName, `${Date.now() - start}ms`)
  })
}

app.use(logger)
app.use(timing('X-Duration'))

Context Variables

Passing Data Between Middleware

import { createMiddleware } from 'hono/factory'

// Define variable types
type Variables = {
  user: { id: string; email: string; role: string }
  requestId: string
}

const app = new Hono<{ Variables: Variables }>()

// Auth middleware sets user
const auth = createMiddleware<{ Variables: Variables }>(async (c, next) => {
  const token = c.req.header('Authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')

  if (!token) {
    return c.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, 401)
  }

  const user = await verifyToken(token)
  c.set('user', user)  // Type-safe!
  await next()
})

// Request ID middleware
const requestId = createMiddleware<{ Variables: Variables }>(async (c, next) => {
  c.set('requestId', crypto.randomUUID())
  await next()
})

app.use(requestId)
app.use('/api/*', auth)

app.get('/api/profile', (c) => {
  const user = c.get('user')      // Type: { id, email, role }
  const reqId = c.get('requestId') // Type: string
  return c.json({ user, requestId: reqId })
})

Built-in Middleware

CORS

import { cors } from 'hono/cors'

// Simple - allow all origins
app.use('/api/*', cors())

// Configured
app.use('/api/*', cors({
  origin: ['https://example.com', 'https://app.example.com'],
  allowMethods: ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'],
  allowHeaders: ['Content-Type', 'Authorization'],
  exposeHeaders: ['X-Total-Count'],
  credentials: true,
  maxAge: 86400
}))

// Dynamic origin
app.use('/api/*', cors({
  origin: (origin) => {
    return origin.endsWith('.example.com')
      ? origin
      : 'https://example.com'
  }
}))

Bearer Auth

import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'

// Simple token validation
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({ token: 'my-secret-token' }))

// Multiple tokens
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({
  token: ['token1', 'token2', 'token3']
}))

// Custom verification
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({
  verifyToken: async (token, c) => {
    const user = await validateJWT(token)
    if (user) {
      c.set('user', user)
      return true
    }
    return false
  }
}))

Basic Auth

import { basicAuth } from 'hono/basic-auth'

app.use('/admin/*', basicAuth({
  username: 'admin',
  password: 'secret'  // pragma: allowlist secret
}))

// Multiple users
app.use('/admin/*', basicAuth({
  verifyUser: (username, password, c) => {
    return username === 'admin' && password === process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD
  }
}))

JWT Auth

import { jwt } from 'hono/jwt'

app.use('/api/*', jwt({
  secret: 'my-jwt-secret'  // pragma: allowlist secret
}))

// Access payload in handler
app.get('/api/profile', (c) => {
  const payload = c.get('jwtPayload')
  return c.json({ userId: payload.sub })
})

// With algorithm
app.use('/api/*', jwt({
  secret: 'secret',  // pragma: allowlist secret
  alg: 'HS256'
}))

Logger

import { logger } from 'hono/logger'

// Default format
app.use(logger())

// Custom format
app.use(logger((str, ...rest) => {
  console.log(`[API] ${str}`, ...rest)
}))

// Output: <-- GET /api/users
//         --> GET /api/users 200 12ms

Pretty JSON

import { prettyJSON } from 'hono/pretty-json'

// Add ?pretty to format JSON responses
app.use(prettyJSON())

// GET /api/users         → {"users":[...]}
// GET /api/users?pretty  → formatted JSON

Compress

import { compress } from 'hono/compress'

app.use(compress())

// With options
app.use(compress({
  encoding: 'gzip'  // 'gzip' | 'deflate'
}))

ETag

import { etag } from 'hono/etag'

app.use(etag())

// Weak ETags
app.use(etag({ weak: true }))

Cache

import { cache } from 'hono/cache'

// Cloudflare Workers cache
app.use('/static/*', cache({
  cacheName: 'my-app',
  cacheControl: 'max-age=3600'
}))

Secure Headers

import { secureHeaders } from 'hono/secure-headers'

app.use(secureHeaders())

// Configured
app.use(secureHeaders({
  contentSecurityPolicy: {
    defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
    scriptSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"]
  },
  xFrameOptions: 'DENY',
  xXssProtection: '1; mode=block'
}))

CSRF Protection

import { csrf } from 'hono/csrf'

app.use(csrf())

// With options
app.use(csrf({
  origin: ['https://example.com']
}))

Timeout

import { timeout } from 'hono/timeout'

// 5 second timeout
app.use('/api/*', timeout(5000))

// Custom error
app.use('/api/*', timeout(5000, () => {
  return new Response('Request timeout', { status: 408 })
}))

Request ID

import { requestId } from 'hono/request-id'

app.use(requestId())

app.get('/', (c) => {
  const id = c.get('requestId')
  return c.json({ requestId: id })
})

Advanced Patterns

Conditional Middleware

// Apply middleware based on condition
const conditionalAuth = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  // Skip auth for health checks
  if (c.req.path === '/health') {
    return next()
  }

  // Apply auth for everything else
  const token = c.req.header('Authorization')
  if (!token) {
    return c.json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }, 401)
  }

  await next()
})

Middleware Composition

import { every, some } from 'hono/combine'

// All middleware must pass
const strictAuth = every(
  bearerAuth({ token: 'secret' }),
  ipRestriction(['192.168.1.0/24']),
  rateLimiter({ max: 100 })
)

// Any middleware can pass
const flexibleAuth = some(
  bearerAuth({ token: 'api-key' }),
  basicAuth({ username: 'user', password: 'pass' })  // pragma: allowlist secret
)

app.use('/api/*', strictAuth)
app.use('/public/*', flexibleAuth)

Modifying Responses

const addHeaders = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  await next()

  // Modify response after handler
  c.res.headers.set('X-Powered-By', 'Hono')
  c.res.headers.set('X-Request-Id', c.get('requestId'))
})

const transformResponse = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  await next()

  // Replace response entirely
  const originalBody = await c.res.json()
  c.res = new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ data: originalBody, timestamp: Date.now() }),
    c.res
  )
})

Error Handling in Middleware

import { HTTPException } from 'hono/http-exception'

const safeMiddleware = createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
  try {
    await next()
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof HTTPException) {
      throw error  // Re-throw HTTP exceptions
    }

    // Log and convert other errors
    console.error('Middleware error:', error)
    throw new HTTPException(500, { message: 'Internal error' })
  }
})

Rate Limiting

// Simple in-memory rate limiter
const rateLimiter = (options: { max: number; window: number }) => {
  const requests = new Map<string, { count: number; reset: number }>()

  return createMiddleware(async (c, next) => {
    const ip = c.req.header('CF-Connecting-IP') || 'unknown'
    const now = Date.now()

    let record = requests.get(ip)

    if (!record || now > record.reset) {
      record = { count: 0, reset: now + options.window }
      requests.set(ip, record)
    }

    record.count++

    if (record.count > options.max) {
      c.header('Retry-After', String(Math.ceil((record.reset - now) / 1000)))
      return c.json({ error: 'Rate limit exceeded' }, 429)
    }

    c.header('X-RateLimit-Limit', String(options.max))
    c.header('X-RateLimit-Remaining', String(options.max - record.count))

    await next()
  })
}

app.use('/api/*', rateLimiter({ max: 100, window: 60000 }))

Middleware Order Best Practices

const app = new Hono()

// 1. Request ID (first - for tracking)
app.use(requestId())

// 2. Logger (early - to log all requests)
app.use(logger())

// 3. Security headers
app.use(secureHeaders())

// 4. CORS (before auth - for preflight)
app.use('/api/*', cors())

// 5. Compression
app.use(compress())

// 6. Rate limiting
app.use('/api/*', rateLimiter({ max: 100, window: 60000 }))

// 7. Authentication
app.use('/api/*', bearerAuth({ verifyToken }))

// 8. Request validation (after auth)
app.use('/api/*', validator)

// 9. Routes
app.route('/api', apiRoutes)

// 10. Not found handler (last)
app.notFound((c) => c.json({ error: 'Not found' }, 404))

Quick Reference

Built-in Middleware

Middleware	Import	Purpose
`cors`	`hono/cors`	Cross-origin requests
`bearerAuth`	`hono/bearer-auth`	Bearer token auth
`basicAuth`	`hono/basic-auth`	HTTP Basic auth
`jwt`

Third-Party Middleware

npm install @hono/zod-validator    # Zod validation
npm install @hono/graphql-server   # GraphQL
npm install @hono/swagger-ui       # Swagger UI
npm install @hono/prometheus       # Prometheus metrics
npm install @hono/sentry           # Sentry error tracking

Related Skills

hono-core - Framework fundamentals
hono-validation - Request validation with Zod
hono-cloudflare - Cloudflare-specific middleware

Version : Hono 4.x Last Updated : January 2025 License : MIT

Weekly Installs

128

Repository

bobmatnyc/claud…m-skills

GitHub Stars

First Seen

Jan 23, 2026

Security Audits

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Installed on

opencode104

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lark-cli 共享规则：飞书资源操作指南与权限配置详解

39,000 周安装

Hono 中间件模式详解：洋葱模型、类型安全与25+内置中间件

🇨🇳中文介绍

Hono 中间件模式

概述

何时使用此技能

中间件基础

内联中间件

执行顺序（洋葱模型）

相关 Skills

创建可重用中间件

上下文变量

在中间件之间传递数据

内置中间件

CORS

Bearer 身份验证

基本身份验证

JWT 身份验证

日志记录器

美化 JSON

压缩

ETag

缓存

安全头部

CSRF 保护

超时

请求 ID

高级模式

条件中间件

中间件组合

修改响应

中间件中的错误处理

速率限制

中间件顺序最佳实践

快速参考

内置中间件

第三方中间件

相关技能

🇺🇸English

Hono Middleware Patterns

Overview

When to Use This Skill

Middleware Basics

Inline Middleware

Execution Order (Onion Model)

Creating Reusable Middleware

Context Variables

Passing Data Between Middleware

Built-in Middleware

CORS

Bearer Auth

Basic Auth

JWT Auth

Logger

Pretty JSON

Compress

ETag

Cache

Secure Headers

CSRF Protection

Timeout

Request ID

Advanced Patterns

Conditional Middleware

Middleware Composition

Modifying Responses

Error Handling in Middleware

Rate Limiting

Middleware Order Best Practices

Quick Reference

Built-in Middleware

Third-Party Middleware

Related Skills

最新 Skills