文件上传验证

function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
  // 大小检查（最大 5MB）
  const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
  if (file.size > maxSize) {
    throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
  }

  // 类型检查
  const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
  if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file type')
  }

  // 扩展名检查
  const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
  const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
  if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
  }

  return true
}

验证步骤

• 所有用户输入都使用模式进行验证
• 文件上传受到限制（大小、类型、扩展名）
• 不在查询中直接使用用户输入
• 使用白名单验证（而非黑名单）
• 错误消息不泄露敏感信息

3. SQL 注入防护

❌ 切勿拼接 SQL

// 危险 - SQL 注入漏洞
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
await db.query(query)

✅ 始终使用参数化查询

// 安全 - 参数化查询
const { data } = await supabase
  .from('users')
  .select('*')
  .eq('email', userEmail)

// 或者使用原始 SQL
await db.query(
  'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
  [userEmail]
)

验证步骤

• 所有数据库查询都使用参数化查询
• SQL 中没有字符串拼接
• 正确使用 ORM/查询构建器
• Supabase 查询已正确清理

4. 身份验证与授权

JWT 令牌处理

// ❌ 错误：localStorage（易受 XSS 攻击）
localStorage.setItem('token', token)

// ✅ 正确：httpOnly cookies
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)

授权检查

export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
  // 始终首先验证授权
  const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
    where: { id: requesterId }
  })

  if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Unauthorized' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // 继续执行删除操作
  await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
}

行级安全性（Supabase）

-- 在所有表上启用 RLS
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- 用户只能查看自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
  ON users FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

-- 用户只能更新自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
  ON users FOR UPDATE
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

验证步骤

• 令牌存储在 httpOnly cookies 中（而非 localStorage）
• 在执行敏感操作前进行授权检查
• 在 Supabase 中启用了行级安全性
• 实现了基于角色的访问控制
• 会话管理安全

5. XSS 防护

清理 HTML

import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'

// 始终清理用户提供的 HTML
function renderUserContent(html: string) {
  const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
    ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
    ALLOWED_ATTR: []
  })
  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
}

内容安全策略

// next.config.js
const securityHeaders = [
  {
    key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
    value: `
      default-src 'self';
      script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
      style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
      img-src 'self' data: https:;
      font-src 'self';
      connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
    `.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
  }
]

验证步骤

• 用户提供的 HTML 已清理
• 配置了 CSP 头部
• 没有未经验证的动态内容渲染
• 使用了 React 内置的 XSS 防护

6. CSRF 防护

CSRF 令牌

import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')

  if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // 处理请求
}

SameSite Cookies

res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)

验证步骤

• 在状态变更操作上使用 CSRF 令牌
• 所有 cookie 都设置 SameSite=Strict
• 实现了双重提交 cookie 模式

7. 速率限制

API 速率限制

import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'

const limiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 分钟
  max: 100, // 每个窗口 100 个请求
  message: 'Too many requests'
})

// 应用到路由
app.use('/api/', limiter)

高开销操作

// 对搜索进行严格的速率限制
const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 分钟
  max: 10, // 每分钟 10 个请求
  message: 'Too many search requests'
})

app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)

验证步骤

• 在所有 API 端点上启用速率限制
• 对高开销操作实施更严格的限制
• 基于 IP 的速率限制
• 基于用户的速率限制（已认证）

8. 敏感数据暴露

日志记录

// ❌ 错误：记录敏感数据
console.log('User login:', { email, password })
console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })

// ✅ 正确：脱敏敏感数据
console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })

错误消息

// ❌ 错误：暴露内部细节
catch (error) {
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

// ✅ 正确：通用错误消息
catch (error) {
  console.error('Internal error:', error)
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

验证步骤

• 日志中没有密码、令牌或密钥
• 对用户显示通用错误消息
• 详细错误仅记录在服务器日志中
• 不向用户暴露堆栈跟踪

9. 区块链安全（Solana）

钱包验证

import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'

async function verifyWalletOwnership(
  publicKey: string,
  signature: string,
  message: string
) {
  try {
    const isValid = verify(
      Buffer.from(message),
      Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
      Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
    )
    return isValid
  } catch (error) {
    return false
  }
}

交易验证

async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
  // 验证接收方
  if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
    throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
  }

  // 验证金额
  if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
    throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
  }

  // 验证用户有足够余额
  const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
  if (balance < transaction.amount) {
    throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
  }

  return true
}

验证步骤

• 钱包签名已验证
• 交易详情已验证
• 交易前进行余额检查
• 没有盲签名交易

10. 依赖项安全

定期更新

# 检查漏洞
npm audit

# 自动修复可修复的问题
npm audit fix

# 更新依赖项
npm update

# 检查过时的包
npm outdated

锁定文件

# 务必提交锁定文件
git add package-lock.json

# 在 CI/CD 中使用以确保可重现的构建
npm ci  # 而不是 npm install

验证步骤

• 依赖项已更新到最新
• 没有已知漏洞（npm audit 通过）
• 已提交锁定文件
• 在 GitHub 上启用了 Dependabot
• 定期进行安全更新

安全测试

自动化安全测试

// 测试身份验证
test('requires authentication', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
  expect(response.status).toBe(401)
})

// 测试授权
test('requires admin role', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(403)
})

// 测试输入验证
test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(400)
})

// 测试速率限制
test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
  const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
    fetch('/api/endpoint')
  )

  const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
  const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)

  expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})

部署前安全检查清单

在任何生产部署之前：

• 密钥：没有硬编码的密钥，全部在环境变量中
• 输入验证：所有用户输入都已验证
• SQL 注入：所有查询都已参数化
• XSS：用户内容已清理
• CSRF：已启用防护
• 身份验证：正确处理令牌
• 授权：已实施角色检查
• 速率限制：在所有端点上启用
• HTTPS：在生产环境中强制执行
• 安全头部：已配置 CSP、X-Frame-Options
• 错误处理：错误中不包含敏感数据
• 日志记录：不记录敏感数据
• 依赖项：已更新，没有漏洞
• 行级安全性：在 Supabase 中已启用
• CORS：已正确配置
• 文件上传：已验证（大小、类型）
• 钱包签名：已验证（如果涉及区块链）

资源

• OWASP Top 10
• Next.js 安全
• Supabase 安全
• Web 安全学院

请记住：安全不是可选项。一个漏洞就可能危及整个平台。如有疑问，请谨慎行事。

每周安装数

1

代码仓库

aleister1102/skills

首次出现

2026年2月3日

安全审计

Gen Agent Trust HubPass

已安装于

trae1

opencode1

cursor1

kiro-cli1

codex1

github-copilot1

Always Validate User Input

import { z } from 'zod'

// Define validation schema
const CreateUserSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
  age: z.number().int().min(0).max(150)
})

// Validate before processing
export async function createUser(input: unknown) {
  try {
    const validated = CreateUserSchema.parse(input)
    return await db.users.create(validated)
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
      return { success: false, errors: error.errors }
    }
    throw error
  }
}

File Upload Validation

function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
  // Size check (5MB max)
  const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
  if (file.size > maxSize) {
    throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
  }

  // Type check
  const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
  if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file type')
  }

  // Extension check
  const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
  const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
  if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
  }

  return true
}

Verification Steps

• All user inputs validated with schemas
• File uploads restricted (size, type, extension)
• No direct use of user input in queries
• Whitelist validation (not blacklist)
• Error messages don't leak sensitive info

3. SQL Injection Prevention

❌ NEVER Concatenate SQL

// DANGEROUS - SQL Injection vulnerability
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
await db.query(query)

✅ ALWAYS Use Parameterized Queries

// Safe - parameterized query
const { data } = await supabase
  .from('users')
  .select('*')
  .eq('email', userEmail)

// Or with raw SQL
await db.query(
  'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
  [userEmail]
)

Verification Steps

• All database queries use parameterized queries
• No string concatenation in SQL
• ORM/query builder used correctly
• Supabase queries properly sanitized

4. Authentication & Authorization

JWT Token Handling

// ❌ WRONG: localStorage (vulnerable to XSS)
localStorage.setItem('token', token)

// ✅ CORRECT: httpOnly cookies
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)

Authorization Checks

export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
  // ALWAYS verify authorization first
  const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
    where: { id: requesterId }
  })

  if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Unauthorized' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // Proceed with deletion
  await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
}

Row Level Security (Supabase)

-- Enable RLS on all tables
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Users can only view their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
  ON users FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

-- Users can only update their own data
CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
  ON users FOR UPDATE
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

Verification Steps

• Tokens stored in httpOnly cookies (not localStorage)
• Authorization checks before sensitive operations
• Row Level Security enabled in Supabase
• Role-based access control implemented
• Session management secure

5. XSS Prevention

Sanitize HTML

import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'

// ALWAYS sanitize user-provided HTML
function renderUserContent(html: string) {
  const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
    ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
    ALLOWED_ATTR: []
  })
  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
}

Content Security Policy

// next.config.js
const securityHeaders = [
  {
    key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
    value: `
      default-src 'self';
      script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
      style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
      img-src 'self' data: https:;
      font-src 'self';
      connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
    `.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
  }
]

Verification Steps

• User-provided HTML sanitized
• CSP headers configured
• No unvalidated dynamic content rendering
• React's built-in XSS protection used

6. CSRF Protection

CSRF Tokens

import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')

  if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // Process request
}

SameSite Cookies

res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)

Verification Steps

• CSRF tokens on state-changing operations
• SameSite=Strict on all cookies
• Double-submit cookie pattern implemented

7. Rate Limiting

API Rate Limiting

import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'

const limiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
  max: 100, // 100 requests per window
  message: 'Too many requests'
})

// Apply to routes
app.use('/api/', limiter)

Expensive Operations

// Aggressive rate limiting for searches
const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 minute
  max: 10, // 10 requests per minute
  message: 'Too many search requests'
})

app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)

Verification Steps

• Rate limiting on all API endpoints
• Stricter limits on expensive operations
• IP-based rate limiting
• User-based rate limiting (authenticated)

8. Sensitive Data Exposure

Logging

// ❌ WRONG: Logging sensitive data
console.log('User login:', { email, password })
console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })

// ✅ CORRECT: Redact sensitive data
console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })

Error Messages

// ❌ WRONG: Exposing internal details
catch (error) {
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

// ✅ CORRECT: Generic error messages
catch (error) {
  console.error('Internal error:', error)
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

Verification Steps

• No passwords, tokens, or secrets in logs
• Error messages generic for users
• Detailed errors only in server logs
• No stack traces exposed to users

9. Blockchain Security (Solana)

Wallet Verification

import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'

async function verifyWalletOwnership(
  publicKey: string,
  signature: string,
  message: string
) {
  try {
    const isValid = verify(
      Buffer.from(message),
      Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
      Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
    )
    return isValid
  } catch (error) {
    return false
  }
}

Transaction Verification

async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
  // Verify recipient
  if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
    throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
  }

  // Verify amount
  if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
    throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
  }

  // Verify user has sufficient balance
  const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
  if (balance < transaction.amount) {
    throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
  }

  return true
}

Verification Steps

• Wallet signatures verified
• Transaction details validated
• Balance checks before transactions
• No blind transaction signing

10. Dependency Security

Regular Updates

# Check for vulnerabilities
npm audit

# Fix automatically fixable issues
npm audit fix

# Update dependencies
npm update

# Check for outdated packages
npm outdated

Lock Files

# ALWAYS commit lock files
git add package-lock.json

# Use in CI/CD for reproducible builds
npm ci  # Instead of npm install

Verification Steps

• Dependencies up to date
• No known vulnerabilities (npm audit clean)
• Lock files committed
• Dependabot enabled on GitHub
• Regular security updates

Security Testing

Automated Security Tests

// Test authentication
test('requires authentication', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
  expect(response.status).toBe(401)
})

// Test authorization
test('requires admin role', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(403)
})

// Test input validation
test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(400)
})

// Test rate limiting
test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
  const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
    fetch('/api/endpoint')
  )

  const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
  const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)

  expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})

Pre-Deployment Security Checklist

Before ANY production deployment:

• Secrets : No hardcoded secrets, all in env vars
• Input Validation : All user inputs validated
• SQL Injection : All queries parameterized
• XSS : User content sanitized
• CSRF : Protection enabled
• Authentication : Proper token handling
• Authorization : Role checks in place
• Rate Limiting : Enabled on all endpoints
• HTTPS : Enforced in production
• Security Headers : CSP, X-Frame-Options configured
• Error Handling : No sensitive data in errors
• Logging : No sensitive data logged
• Dependencies : Up to date, no vulnerabilities
• Row Level Security : Enabled in Supabase
• CORS : Properly configured
• File Uploads : Validated (size, type)
• Wallet Signatures : Verified (if blockchain)

Resources

• OWASP Top 10
• Next.js Security
• Supabase Security
• Web Security Academy

Remember : Security is not optional. One vulnerability can compromise the entire platform. When in doubt, err on the side of caution.

Weekly Installs

1

Repository

aleister1102/skills

First Seen

Feb 3, 2026

Security Audits

Gen Agent Trust HubPass

Installed on

trae1

opencode1

cursor1

kiro-cli1

codex1

github-copilot1