Rust物联网开发指南：IoT领域约束、设计模式与Rust实现

domain-iot by zhanghandong/rust-skills

424 周安装量

920 GitHub Stars

GitHub

安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/zhanghandong/rust-skills --skill domain-iot

物联网系统架构 Rust

🇨🇳中文介绍

IoT 领域

第 3 层：领域约束

领域约束 → 设计影响

领域规则	设计约束	Rust 实现含义
不可靠网络	离线优先	本地缓冲
电源约束	高效代码	休眠模式，最少分配
资源限制	小内存占用	在需要时使用 `no_std`
安全性	加密通信	TLS，签名固件
可靠性	自我恢复	看门狗，错误处理
OTA 更新	安全升级	回滚能力

关键约束

网络不可靠性

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RULE: 网络可能随时中断
WHY: 无线，远程位置
RUST: 本地队列，带退避的重试

RULE: 最小化功耗
WHY: 电池寿命，能源成本
RUST: 休眠模式，高效算法

RULE: 所有通信加密
WHY: 可能物理接触
RUST: TLS，签名消息

从约束到设计（第 2 层）：

"需要离线优先设计"
    ↓ m12-lifecycle: 带持久化的本地缓冲区
    ↓ m13-domain-error: 带退避的重试

"需要电源效率"
    ↓ domain-embedded: no_std 模式
    ↓ m10-performance: 最少内存分配

"需要可靠的消息传递"
    ↓ m07-concurrency: 带超时的异步
    ↓ MQTT: QoS 级别

环境	技术栈	库
Linux 网关	tokio + std	rumqttc, reqwest
MCU 设备	embassy + no_std	embedded-hal
混合	拆分工作负载	两者

用途	库
MQTT (std)	rumqttc, paho-mqtt
嵌入式	embedded-hal, embassy
异步 (std)	tokio
异步 (no_std)	embassy
日志 (no_std)	defmt
日志 (std)	tracing

模式	目的	实现
发布/订阅	设备通信	MQTT 主题
边缘计算	本地处理	上传前过滤
OTA 更新	固件升级	签名 + 回滚
电源管理	电池寿命	休眠 + 唤醒事件
存储转发	网络可靠性	本地队列

代码模式：MQTT 客户端

use rumqttc::{AsyncClient, MqttOptions, QoS};

async fn run_mqtt() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mut options = MqttOptions::new("device-1", "broker.example.com", 1883);
    options.set_keep_alive(Duration::from_secs(30));

    let (client, mut eventloop) = AsyncClient::new(options, 10);

    // 订阅命令
    client.subscribe("devices/device-1/commands", QoS::AtLeastOnce).await?;

    // 发布遥测数据
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        loop {
            let data = read_sensor().await;
            client.publish("devices/device-1/telemetry", QoS::AtLeastOnce, false, data).await.ok();
            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
        }
    });

    // 处理事件
    loop {
        match eventloop.poll().await {
            Ok(event) => handle_event(event).await,
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!("MQTT error: {}", e);
                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
            }
        }
    }
}

错误	违反的领域规则	修复方法
无重试逻辑	数据丢失	指数退避
无线电常开	电池耗尽	发送间隔休眠
未加密的 MQTT	安全风险	TLS
无本地缓冲区	网络中断 = 数据丢失	本地持久化

约束	第 2 层模式	第 1 层实现
离线优先	存储转发	本地队列 + 刷新
电源效率	休眠模式	基于定时器的唤醒
网络可靠性	重试	tokio-retry, backoff
安全性	TLS	rustls, native-tls

何时需要	参见
嵌入式模式	domain-embedded
异步模式	m07-concurrency
错误恢复	m13-domain-error
性能	m10-performance

🇺🇸English

IoT Domain

Layer 3: Domain Constraints

Domain Constraints → Design Implications

Domain Rule	Design Constraint	Rust Implication
Unreliable network	Offline-first	Local buffering
Power constraints	Efficient code	Sleep modes, minimal alloc
Resource limits	Small footprint	no_std where needed
Security	Encrypted comms	TLS, signed firmware
Reliability	Self-recovery	Watchdog, error handling
OTA updates	Safe upgrades	Rollback capability

Critical Constraints

Network Unreliability

RULE: Network can fail at any time
WHY: Wireless, remote locations
RUST: Local queue, retry with backoff

Power Management

RULE: Minimize power consumption
WHY: Battery life, energy costs
RUST: Sleep modes, efficient algorithms

Device Security

RULE: All communication encrypted
WHY: Physical access possible
RUST: TLS, signed messages

Trace Down ↓

From constraints to design (Layer 2):

"Need offline-first design"
    ↓ m12-lifecycle: Local buffer with persistence
    ↓ m13-domain-error: Retry with backoff

"Need power efficiency"
    ↓ domain-embedded: no_std patterns
    ↓ m10-performance: Minimal allocations

"Need reliable messaging"
    ↓ m07-concurrency: Async with timeout
    ↓ MQTT: QoS levels

Environment Comparison

Environment	Stack	Crates
Linux gateway	tokio + std	rumqttc, reqwest
MCU device	embassy + no_std	embedded-hal
Hybrid	Split workloads	Both

Key Crates

Purpose	Crate
MQTT (std)	rumqttc, paho-mqtt
Embedded	embedded-hal, embassy
Async (std)	tokio
Async (no_std)	embassy
Logging (no_std)	defmt
Logging (std)	tracing

Design Patterns

Pattern	Purpose	Implementation
Pub/Sub	Device comms	MQTT topics
Edge compute	Local processing	Filter before upload
OTA updates	Firmware upgrade	Signed + rollback
Power mgmt	Battery life	Sleep + wake events
Store & forward	Network reliability	Local queue

Code Pattern: MQTT Client

use rumqttc::{AsyncClient, MqttOptions, QoS};

async fn run_mqtt() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    let mut options = MqttOptions::new("device-1", "broker.example.com", 1883);
    options.set_keep_alive(Duration::from_secs(30));

    let (client, mut eventloop) = AsyncClient::new(options, 10);

    // Subscribe to commands
    client.subscribe("devices/device-1/commands", QoS::AtLeastOnce).await?;

    // Publish telemetry
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        loop {
            let data = read_sensor().await;
            client.publish("devices/device-1/telemetry", QoS::AtLeastOnce, false, data).await.ok();
            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
        }
    });

    // Process events
    loop {
        match eventloop.poll().await {
            Ok(event) => handle_event(event).await,
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::error!("MQTT error: {}", e);
                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
            }
        }
    }
}

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Domain Violation	Fix
No retry logic	Lost data	Exponential backoff
Always-on radio	Battery drain	Sleep between sends
Unencrypted MQTT	Security risk	TLS
No local buffer	Network outage = data loss	Persist locally

Trace to Layer 1

Constraint	Layer 2 Pattern	Layer 1 Implementation
Offline-first	Store & forward	Local queue + flush
Power efficiency	Sleep patterns	Timer-based wake
Network reliability	Retry	tokio-retry, backoff
Security	TLS	rustls, native-tls

Related Skills

When	See
Embedded patterns	domain-embedded
Async patterns	m07-concurrency
Error recovery	m13-domain-error
Performance	m10-performance

Weekly Installs

424

Repository

zhanghandong/rust-skills

GitHub Stars

920

First Seen

Jan 20, 2026

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