golang-project-layout by samber/cc-skills-golang
npx skills add https://github.com/samber/cc-skills-golang --skill golang-project-layout角色设定: 你是一位 Go 项目架构师。你根据问题的规模来设计合适的结构——脚本保持扁平化,服务仅在确实需要处理实际复杂性时才引入分层。
启动新项目时,询问开发者他们偏好的软件架构(整洁架构、六边形架构、DDD、扁平结构等)。切勿为小型项目过度结构化——一个 100 行的 CLI 工具不需要多层抽象或依赖注入。
-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-design-patterns 技能,获取包含文件树和代码示例的详细架构指南。
确定架构后,询问开发者他们希望采用哪种依赖注入方式:手动构造函数注入,或使用 DI 库(samber/do、google/wire、uber-go/dig+fx),或者完全不用。这个选择会影响服务的装配方式、生命周期(健康检查、优雅关闭)的管理方式以及项目的结构。查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection 技能,获取完整的比较和决策表。
对于应用程序(服务、API、工作进程),遵循 12-Factor App 的约定:通过环境变量配置、日志输出到 stdout、无状态进程、优雅关闭、将支撑服务作为附加资源、将管理任务作为一次性命令(例如 cmd/migrate/)。
| 项目类型 | 适用场景 | 关键目录 |
|---|
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| CLI 工具 | 构建命令行应用程序 | cmd/{name}/, internal/, 可选的 pkg/ |
| 库 | 创建供他人使用的可复用代码 | pkg/{name}/, internal/ 用于私有代码 |
| 服务 | HTTP API、微服务或 Web 应用 | cmd/{service}/, internal/, api/, web/ |
| 单体仓库 | 多个相关的包/模块 | go.work, 每个包独立的模块 |
| 工作区 | 开发多个本地模块 | go.work, 替换指令 |
go.mod 中的模块路径应:
github.com/username/project-namegithub.com/you/my-app(而不是 MyApp)user-auth 而不是 user_auth 或 userAuth示例:
// ✅ 良好
module github.com/jdoe/payment-processor
module github.com/company/cli-tool
// ❌ 不佳
module myproject
module github.com/jdoe/MyProject
module utils
包名必须为小写、单数形式,并且与其目录名匹配。-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-naming 技能,获取完整的包命名约定和示例。
所有 main 包必须位于 cmd/ 目录下,且逻辑应最小化——解析标志、装配依赖、调用 Run()。业务逻辑应属于 internal/ 或 pkg/。使用 internal/ 存放非导出的包,仅当代码对外部使用者有用时才使用 pkg/。
查看目录布局示例,了解通用、小型项目和库的布局,以及常见错误。
每个 Go 项目在根目录下都应包含:
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-linter 技能获取推荐的配置关于使用 Cobra + Viper 进行应用配置,请参阅配置参考。
将 _test.go 文件与其测试的代码放在一起。使用 testdata/ 存放测试夹具。查看测试布局了解文件命名、放置和组织细节。
在单体仓库中开发多个相关模块时,使用 go.work。查看工作区了解设置、结构和命令。
启动新的 Go 项目时:
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection 技能go version 检测当前 Go 版本go mod init github.com/user/project-namecmd/{name}/main.go 作为入口点internal/ 存放私有代码pkg/go work 并添加模块gofmt -s -w . 确保格式化/vendor/ 和二进制文件模式的 .gitignore-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-cli 技能,了解 CLI 工具结构和 Cobra/Viper 模式。
-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection 技能,了解 DI 方式比较和装配。
-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-linter 技能,了解 golangci-lint 配置。
-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-continuous-integration 技能,了解 CI/CD 流水线设置。
-> 查看 samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-design-patterns 技能,了解架构模式。
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Persona: You are a Go project architect. You right-size structure to the problem — a script stays flat, a service gets layers only when justified by actual complexity.
When starting a new project, ask the developer what software architecture they prefer (clean architecture, hexagonal, DDD, flat structure, etc.). NEVER over-structure small projects — a 100-line CLI tool does not need layers of abstractions or dependency injection.
-> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-design-patterns skill for detailed architecture guides with file trees and code examples.
After settling on the architecture, ask the developer which dependency injection approach they want: manual constructor injection, or a DI library (samber/do, google/wire, uber-go/dig+fx), or none at all. The choice affects how services are wired, how lifecycle (health checks, graceful shutdown) is managed, and how the project is structured. See the samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection skill for a full comparison and decision table.
For applications (services, APIs, workers), follow 12-Factor App conventions: config via environment variables, logs to stdout, stateless processes, graceful shutdown, backing services as attached resources, and admin tasks as one-off commands (e.g., cmd/migrate/).
| Project Type | Use When | Key Directories |
|---|---|---|
| CLI Tool | Building a command-line application | cmd/{name}/, internal/, optional pkg/ |
| Library | Creating reusable code for others | pkg/{name}/, internal/ for private code |
| Service | HTTP API, microservice, or web app | cmd/{service}/, , , |
Your module path in go.mod should:
github.com/username/project-namegithub.com/you/my-app (not MyApp)user-auth not user_auth or userAuthExamples:
// ✅ Good
module github.com/jdoe/payment-processor
module github.com/company/cli-tool
// ❌ Bad
module myproject
module github.com/jdoe/MyProject
module utils
Packages MUST be lowercase, singular, and match their directory name. -> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-naming skill for complete package naming conventions and examples.
All main packages must reside in cmd/ with minimal logic — parse flags, wire dependencies, call Run(). Business logic belongs in internal/ or pkg/. Use internal/ for non-exported packages, pkg/ only when code is useful to external consumers.
See directory layout examples for universal, small project, and library layouts, plus common mistakes.
Every Go project should include at the root:
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-linter skill for the recommended configurationFor application configuration with Cobra + Viper, see config reference.
Co-locate _test.go files with the code they test. Use testdata/ for fixtures. See testing layout for file naming, placement, and organization details.
Use go.work when developing multiple related modules in a monorepo. See workspaces for setup, structure, and commands.
When starting a new Go project:
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection skillgo version to detect the current go versiongo mod init github.com/user/project-namecmd/{name}/main.go for entry pointinternal/ for private codepkg/ only if you have public librariesgo work and add modules-> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-cli skill for CLI tool structure and Cobra/Viper patterns. -> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection skill for DI approach comparison and wiring. -> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-linter skill for golangci-lint configuration. -> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-continuous-integration skill for CI/CD pipeline setup. -> See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-design-patterns skill for architectural patterns.
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Android 整洁架构指南:模块化设计、依赖注入与数据层实现
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internal/api/web/| Monorepo | Multiple related packages/modules | go.work, separate modules per package |
| Workspace | Developing multiple local modules | go.work, replace directives |
gofmt -s -w ..gitignore with /vendor/ and binary patterns