Git工作流最佳实践：约定式提交、分支策略与常用命令指南

git-workflow by bobmatnyc/claude-mpm-skills

254 周安装量

28 GitHub Stars

GitHub

安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/bobmatnyc/claude-mpm-skills --skill git-workflow

开发自动化代码规范

🇨🇳中文介绍

Git 工作流

高效版本控制的核心 Git 模式。为每个代理消除约 120-150 行冗余的 Git 指导。

提交最佳实践

约定式提交格式

<type>(<scope>): <subject>

<body>

<footer>

类型：

feat: 新功能
fix: 错误修复
docs: 仅文档更改
refactor: 既不修复错误也不添加功能的代码更改
perf: 性能改进
test: 添加或更新测试
chore: 构建过程、依赖项、工具

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Git Flow（功能分支）

# Create feature branch from main
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication

# Work on feature with regular commits
git add src/auth.py
git commit -m "feat(auth): implement login endpoint"

# Keep branch updated with main
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout feature/user-authentication
git rebase main  # Or: git merge main

# Push and create PR
git push -u origin feature/user-authentication

# Work directly on main with short-lived branches
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout -b fix/null-pointer
# Make small change
git commit -m "fix: handle null in user query"
git push origin fix/null-pointer
# Merge immediately via PR

使用最新更改更新分支

# Option 1: Rebase (cleaner history)
git checkout feature-branch
git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main

# Resolve conflicts if any
git add resolved_file.py
git rebase --continue

# Option 2: Merge (preserves history)
git checkout feature-branch
git merge origin/main

# Undo last commit (keep changes)
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Undo last commit (discard changes)
git reset --hard HEAD~1

# Undo changes to specific file
git checkout -- file.py

# Revert a commit (creates new commit)
git revert abc123

# Amend last commit
git add forgotten_file.py
git commit --amend --no-edit

# Save current work temporarily
git stash

# List stashes
git stash list

# Apply most recent stash
git stash pop

# Apply specific stash
git stash apply stash@{0}

# Create named stash
git stash save "WIP: authentication feature"

# Apply specific commit from another branch
git cherry-pick abc123

# Cherry-pick multiple commits
git cherry-pick abc123 def456

# Cherry-pick without committing
git cherry-pick -n abc123

# When conflicts occur during merge/rebase
# 1. Check conflicted files
git status

# 2. Edit files to resolve conflicts
# Look for conflict markers:
<<<<<<< HEAD
Your changes
=======
Their changes
>>>>>>> branch-name

# 3. Mark as resolved
git add resolved_file.py

# 4. Continue operation
git rebase --continue  # or git merge --continue

# Compact log
git log --oneline -10

# Graphical log
git log --graph --oneline --all

# Commits by author
git log --author="John Doe"

# Commits affecting specific file
git log -- path/to/file.py

# See changes in commit
git show abc123

# Compare branches
git diff main..feature-branch

# List branches
git branch -a  # All branches (local + remote)

# Delete local branch
git branch -d feature-branch  # Safe delete (merged only)
git branch -D feature-branch  # Force delete

# Delete remote branch
git push origin --delete feature-branch

# Rename branch
git branch -m old-name new-name

# Track remote branch
git checkout --track origin/feature-branch

# Create lightweight tag
git tag v1.0.0

# Create annotated tag (recommended)
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "Release version 1.0.0"

# Push tags to remote
git push origin v1.0.0
git push origin --tags  # Push all tags

# Checkout tag
git checkout v1.0.0

# Delete tag
git tag -d v1.0.0
git push origin --delete v1.0.0

# Edit last 3 commits
git rebase -i HEAD~3

# Options in editor:
# pick = use commit
# reword = change commit message
# edit = stop to amend commit
# squash = combine with previous commit
# fixup = like squash but discard message
# drop = remove commit

二分查找（查找引入错误的提交）

# Start bisect
git bisect start
git bisect bad  # Current version has bug
git bisect good v1.0.0  # This version was good

# Git checks out middle commit
# Test if bug exists
git bisect bad  # if bug exists
git bisect good  # if bug doesn't exist

# Git narrows down until finding first bad commit
git bisect reset  # Return to original branch

追溯（查找谁更改了某行）

# See who last modified each line
git blame file.py

# Ignore whitespace changes
git blame -w file.py

# Show specific line range
git blame -L 10,20 file.py

# Pre-commit hook (runs before commit)
# .git/hooks/pre-commit
#!/bin/bash
npm run lint
npm test

# Pre-push hook (runs before push)
# .git/hooks/pre-push
#!/bin/bash
npm run test:integration

频繁提交原子更改
编写清晰、描述性的提交信息
推送前先拉取以避免冲突
提交前审查更改 (git diff --staged)
为功能和修复使用分支
保持提交小而专注

提交敏感数据（使用 .gitignore）
提交生成的文件（构建产物、node_modules）
强制推送到共享分支 (git push --force)
将进行中的工作提交到主分支
在一个提交中包含多个不相关的更改
重写公共历史记录

# Dependencies
node_modules/
venv/
__pycache__/

# Build outputs
dist/
build/
*.pyc
*.o
*.exe

# IDE
.vscode/
.idea/
*.swp

# Secrets
.env
*.key
*.pem
secrets.yml

# OS
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# Logs
*.log
logs/

# Status and diff
git status
git diff
git diff --staged

# Commit
git add .
git commit -m "message"
git push

# Branch
git branch
git checkout -b branch-name
git merge branch-name

# Update
git pull
git fetch

# Undo
git reset HEAD~1
git checkout -- file
git revert commit-hash

# History
git log
git log --oneline
git show commit-hash

经常提交 - 小的提交更容易审查和回滚
描述性信息 - 未来的你会感谢现在的你
推送前先拉取 - 与团队保持同步
使用分支 - 保持主分支稳定
提交前审查 - 检查正在提交的内容

🇺🇸English

Git Workflow

Essential Git patterns for effective version control. Eliminates ~120-150 lines of redundant Git guidance per agent.

Commit Best Practices

Conventional Commits Format

<type>(<scope>): <subject>

<body>

<footer>

Types:

feat: New feature
fix: Bug fix
docs: Documentation only
refactor: Code change that neither fixes bug nor adds feature
perf: Performance improvement
test: Adding or updating tests
chore: Build process, dependencies, tooling

Examples:

feat(auth): add OAuth2 authentication

Implements OAuth2 flow using Google provider.
Includes token refresh and validation.

Closes #123

fix(api): handle null response in user endpoint

Previously crashed when user not found.
Now returns 404 with error message.

perf(db): optimize user query with index

Reduces query time from 500ms to 50ms.

Atomic Commits

# Good: Each commit does one thing
git commit -m "feat: add user authentication"
git commit -m "test: add auth tests"
git commit -m "docs: update API docs for auth"

# Bad: Multiple unrelated changes
git commit -m "add auth, fix bugs, update docs"

Branching Strategy

Git Flow (Feature Branches)

# Create feature branch from main
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication

# Work on feature with regular commits
git add src/auth.py
git commit -m "feat(auth): implement login endpoint"

# Keep branch updated with main
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout feature/user-authentication
git rebase main  # Or: git merge main

# Push and create PR
git push -u origin feature/user-authentication

Trunk-Based Development

# Work directly on main with short-lived branches
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout -b fix/null-pointer
# Make small change
git commit -m "fix: handle null in user query"
git push origin fix/null-pointer
# Merge immediately via PR

Common Workflows

Updating Branch with Latest Changes

# Option 1: Rebase (cleaner history)
git checkout feature-branch
git fetch origin
git rebase origin/main

# Resolve conflicts if any
git add resolved_file.py
git rebase --continue

# Option 2: Merge (preserves history)
git checkout feature-branch
git merge origin/main

Undoing Changes

# Undo last commit (keep changes)
git reset --soft HEAD~1

# Undo last commit (discard changes)
git reset --hard HEAD~1

# Undo changes to specific file
git checkout -- file.py

# Revert a commit (creates new commit)
git revert abc123

# Amend last commit
git add forgotten_file.py
git commit --amend --no-edit

Stashing Work

# Save current work temporarily
git stash

# List stashes
git stash list

# Apply most recent stash
git stash pop

# Apply specific stash
git stash apply stash@{0}

# Create named stash
git stash save "WIP: authentication feature"

Cherry-Picking Commits

# Apply specific commit from another branch
git cherry-pick abc123

# Cherry-pick multiple commits
git cherry-pick abc123 def456

# Cherry-pick without committing
git cherry-pick -n abc123

Resolving Conflicts

# When conflicts occur during merge/rebase
# 1. Check conflicted files
git status

# 2. Edit files to resolve conflicts
# Look for conflict markers:
<<<<<<< HEAD
Your changes
=======
Their changes
>>>>>>> branch-name

# 3. Mark as resolved
git add resolved_file.py

# 4. Continue operation
git rebase --continue  # or git merge --continue

Viewing History

# Compact log
git log --oneline -10

# Graphical log
git log --graph --oneline --all

# Commits by author
git log --author="John Doe"

# Commits affecting specific file
git log -- path/to/file.py

# See changes in commit
git show abc123

# Compare branches
git diff main..feature-branch

Branch Management

# List branches
git branch -a  # All branches (local + remote)

# Delete local branch
git branch -d feature-branch  # Safe delete (merged only)
git branch -D feature-branch  # Force delete

# Delete remote branch
git push origin --delete feature-branch

# Rename branch
git branch -m old-name new-name

# Track remote branch
git checkout --track origin/feature-branch

Advanced Operations

Interactive Rebase

# Edit last 3 commits
git rebase -i HEAD~3

# Options in editor:
# pick = use commit
# reword = change commit message
# edit = stop to amend commit
# squash = combine with previous commit
# fixup = like squash but discard message
# drop = remove commit

Bisect (Find Bug Introduction)

# Start bisect
git bisect start
git bisect bad  # Current version has bug
git bisect good v1.0.0  # This version was good

# Git checks out middle commit
# Test if bug exists
git bisect bad  # if bug exists
git bisect good  # if bug doesn't exist

# Git narrows down until finding first bad commit
git bisect reset  # Return to original branch

Blame (Find Who Changed Line)

# See who last modified each line
git blame file.py

# Ignore whitespace changes
git blame -w file.py

# Show specific line range
git blame -L 10,20 file.py

Git Hooks

# Pre-commit hook (runs before commit)
# .git/hooks/pre-commit
#!/bin/bash
npm run lint
npm test

# Pre-push hook (runs before push)
# .git/hooks/pre-push
#!/bin/bash
npm run test:integration

Best Practices

✅ DO

Commit frequently with atomic changes
Write clear, descriptive commit messages
Pull before push to avoid conflicts
Review changes before committing (git diff --staged)
Use branches for features and fixes
Keep commits small and focused

❌ DON'T

Commit sensitive data (use .gitignore)
Commit generated files (build artifacts, node_modules)
Force push to shared branches (git push --force)
Commit work-in-progress to main
Include multiple unrelated changes in one commit
Rewrite public history

.gitignore Patterns

# Dependencies
node_modules/
venv/
__pycache__/

# Build outputs
dist/
build/
*.pyc
*.o
*.exe

# IDE
.vscode/
.idea/
*.swp

# Secrets
.env
*.key
*.pem
secrets.yml

# OS
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# Logs
*.log
logs/

Quick Command Reference

# Status and diff
git status
git diff
git diff --staged

# Commit
git add .
git commit -m "message"
git push

# Branch
git branch
git checkout -b branch-name
git merge branch-name

# Update
git pull
git fetch

# Undo
git reset HEAD~1
git checkout -- file
git revert commit-hash

# History
git log
git log --oneline
git show commit-hash

Remember

Commit often - Small commits are easier to review and revert
Descriptive messages - Future you will thank present you
Pull before push - Stay synchronized with team
Use branches - Keep main stable
Review before commit - Check what is being committed

Weekly Installs

150

Repository

bobmatnyc/claud…m-skills

GitHub Stars

First Seen

Jan 23, 2026

Security Audits

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Installed on

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agent-browser 浏览器自动化工具 - Vercel Labs 命令行网页操作与测试

147,400 周安装

Git工作流最佳实践：约定式提交、分支策略与常用命令指南

🇨🇳中文介绍

Git 工作流

提交最佳实践

约定式提交格式

相关 Skills

原子提交

分支策略

Git Flow（功能分支）

主干开发

常用工作流

使用最新更改更新分支

撤销更改

暂存工作

拣选提交

解决冲突

查看历史记录

分支管理

标签

高级操作

交互式变基