Prisma ORM v7 升级指南：从 v6 迁移的完整步骤与破坏性变更解析

prisma-upgrade-v7 by prisma/skills

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安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/prisma/skills --skill prisma-upgrade-v7

开发 API

🇨🇳中文介绍

升级至 Prisma ORM 7

从 Prisma ORM v6 迁移到 v7 的完整指南。本次升级引入了重大的破坏性变更，包括仅支持 ESM、必需的驱动适配器以及新的配置系统。

何时应用

在以下情况下参考此技能：

从 Prisma v6 升级到 v7
更新至 prisma-client 生成器
设置驱动适配器
配置 prisma.config.ts
修复升级后的导入错误

按优先级排序的规则类别

优先级	类别	影响	前缀
1	模式迁移	关键	`schema-changes`
2	数据库连接	关键	`driver-adapters`

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破坏性变更摘要

变更	v6	v7
模块格式	CommonJS	仅支持 ESM
生成器提供者	`prisma-client-js`	`prisma-client`
输出路径	自动（node_modules）	需要显式指定
驱动适配器	可选	必需
配置文件	`.env` + 模式	`prisma.config.ts`
环境变量加载	自动	手动（dotenv）
中间件	`$use()`	客户端扩展
指标	预览功能	已移除

针对每个破坏性变更的详细迁移指南：

references/esm-support.md        - ESM 模块配置
references/schema-changes.md     - 生成器和模式更新
references/driver-adapters.md    - 必需的驱动适配器设置
references/prisma-config.md      - 新的配置文件
references/env-variables.md      - 环境变量加载
references/removed-features.md   - 中间件、指标和 CLI 标志
references/accelerate-users.md   - Accelerate 的特殊处理

1. 更新 package.json 以支持 ESM

{
  "type": "module"
}

2. 更新 tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "target": "ES2023",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true
  }
}

3. 更新 schema.prisma

// 之前 (v6)
generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
}

// 之后 (v7)
generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "../generated"
}

4. 创建 prisma.config.ts

import 'dotenv/config'
import { defineConfig, env } from 'prisma/config'

export default defineConfig({
  schema: 'prisma/schema.prisma',
  migrations: {
    path: 'prisma/migrations',
  },
  datasource: {
    url: env('DATABASE_URL'),
  },
})

5. 安装驱动适配器

# PostgreSQL
npm install @prisma/adapter-pg

# MySQL
npm install @prisma/adapter-mariadb mariadb

# SQLite
npm install @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3

# Prisma Postgres
npm install @prisma/adapter-ppg @prisma/ppg

# Neon
npm install @prisma/adapter-neon

6. 更新客户端实例化

// 之前 (v6)
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client'
const prisma = new PrismaClient()

// 之后 (v7)
import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL
})
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

7. 运行迁移和生成

npx prisma generate
npx prisma migrate dev  # 如果需要

"Cannot find module" 错误

检查生成器块中的 output 路径是否与导入路径匹配
确保 prisma generate 成功运行

在适配器配置中添加 ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: false }
或者正确配置 SSL 证书

驱动适配器使用不同的连接池默认值
在适配器上显式配置连接池设置

首先遵循 references/schema-changes.md 和 references/driver-adapters.md，然后根据您的项目设置应用其余的参考文件。

🇺🇸English

Upgrade to Prisma ORM 7

Complete guide for migrating from Prisma ORM v6 to v7. This upgrade introduces significant breaking changes including ESM-only support, required driver adapters, and a new configuration system.

When to Apply

Reference this skill when:

Upgrading from Prisma v6 to v7
Updating to the prisma-client generator
Setting up driver adapters
Configuring prisma.config.ts
Fixing import errors after upgrade

Rule Categories by Priority

Priority	Category	Impact	Prefix
1	Schema Migration	CRITICAL	`schema-changes`
2	Database Connectivity	CRITICAL	`driver-adapters`
3	Module System	CRITICAL	`esm-support`
4	Config and Env	HIGH	`prisma-config`, `env-variables`
5	Removed Features	HIGH	`removed-features`
6	Accelerate	HIGH	`accelerate-users`

Quick Reference

schema-changes - generator and output migration for Prisma v7
driver-adapters - required adapter installation and client wiring
esm-support - package/module requirements for ESM
prisma-config - creating and using prisma.config.ts
env-variables - explicit environment loading
removed-features - removed middleware, metrics, and flags
accelerate-users - migration notes for Accelerate users

Important Notes

MongoDB not yet supported in v7 - Continue using v6 for MongoDB
Node.js 20.19.0+ required
TypeScript 5.4.0+ required

Upgrade Steps Overview

Update packages to v7
Configure ESM in package.json
Update TypeScript configuration
Update schema generator block
Create prisma.config.ts
Install and configure driver adapter
Update Prisma Client imports
Update client instantiation
Remove deprecated code (middleware, env vars)
Run generate and test

Quick Upgrade Commands

# Update packages
npm install @prisma/client@7
npm install -D prisma@7

# Install driver adapter (PostgreSQL example)
npm install @prisma/adapter-pg

# Install dotenv for env loading
npm install dotenv

# Regenerate client
npx prisma generate

Breaking Changes Summary

Change	v6	v7
Module format	CommonJS	ESM only
Generator provider	`prisma-client-js`	`prisma-client`
Output path	Auto (node_modules)	Required explicit
Driver adapters	Optional	Required
Config file	`.env` + schema	`prisma.config.ts`
Env loading	Automatic	Manual (dotenv)

Rule Files

Detailed migration guides for each breaking change:

references/esm-support.md        - ESM module configuration
references/schema-changes.md     - Generator and schema updates
references/driver-adapters.md    - Required driver adapter setup
references/prisma-config.md      - New configuration file
references/env-variables.md      - Environment variable loading
references/removed-features.md   - Middleware, metrics, and CLI flags
references/accelerate-users.md   - Special handling for Accelerate

Step-by-Step Migration

1. Update package.json for ESM

{
  "type": "module"
}

2. Update tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "target": "ES2023",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true
  }
}

3. Update schema.prisma

// Before (v6)
generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
}

// After (v7)
generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "../generated"
}

4. Create prisma.config.ts

import 'dotenv/config'
import { defineConfig, env } from 'prisma/config'

export default defineConfig({
  schema: 'prisma/schema.prisma',
  migrations: {
    path: 'prisma/migrations',
  },
  datasource: {
    url: env('DATABASE_URL'),
  },
})

5. Install driver adapter

# PostgreSQL
npm install @prisma/adapter-pg

# MySQL
npm install @prisma/adapter-mariadb mariadb

# SQLite
npm install @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3

# Prisma Postgres
npm install @prisma/adapter-ppg @prisma/ppg

# Neon
npm install @prisma/adapter-neon

6. Update client instantiation

// Before (v6)
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client'
const prisma = new PrismaClient()

// After (v7)
import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL
})
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

7. Run migrations and generate

npx prisma generate
npx prisma migrate dev  # if needed

Troubleshooting

"Cannot find module" errors

Check output path in generator block matches import path
Ensure prisma generate ran successfully

SSL certificate errors

Add ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: false } to adapter config
Or properly configure SSL certificates

Connection timeout issues

Driver adapters use different pool defaults
Configure pool settings explicitly on the adapter

Resources

How to Use

Follow references/schema-changes.md and references/driver-adapters.md first, then apply the remaining reference files based on your project setup.

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