Rails专家技能指南：全栈开发工作流程、Hotwire优化与性能调优

rails-expert by jeffallan/claude-skills

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安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/jeffallan/claude-skills --skill rails-expert

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🇨🇳中文介绍

Rails 专家

核心工作流程

分析需求 — 识别模型、路由、实时需求、后台任务
脚手架资源 — rails generate model User name:string email:string, rails generate controller Users
运行迁移 — rails db:migrate 并使用 rails db:schema:dump 验证架构
- 如果迁移失败：检查 db/schema.rb 是否存在冲突，使用 rails db:rollback 回滚，修复后重试
实现 — 编写控制器、模型，添加 Hotwire（参见下面的参考指南）
验证 — bundle exec rspec 必须通过；使用检查代码风格

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主题	参考	加载时机
Hotwire/Turbo	`references/hotwire-turbo.md`	Turbo 框架、流、Stimulus 控制器
Active Record	`references/active-record.md`	模型、关联、查询、性能
后台任务	`references/background-jobs.md`	Sidekiq、任务设计、队列、错误处理
测试	`references/rspec-testing.md`	模型/请求/系统测试、工厂
API 开发	`references/api-development.md`	仅 API 模式、序列化、认证

<%# app/views/posts/index.html.erb %>
<%= turbo_frame_tag "posts" do %>
  <%= render @posts %>
  <%= link_to "加载更多", posts_path(page: @next_page) %>
<% end %>

<%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %>
<%= turbo_frame_tag dom_id(post) do %>
  <h2><%= post.title %></h2>
  <%= link_to "编辑", edit_post_path(post) %>
<% end %>



# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
def index
  @posts = Post.includes(:author).page(params[:page])
  @next_page = @posts.next_page
end

# app/jobs/send_welcome_email_job.rb
class SendWelcomeEmailJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :default
  sidekiq_options retry: 3, dead: false

  def perform(user_id)
    user = User.find(user_id)
    UserMailer.welcome(user).deliver_now
  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound => e
    Rails.logger.warn("SendWelcomeEmailJob: 用户 #{user_id} 未找到 — #{e.message}")
    # 不要重新抛出异常；记录已不存在，重试没有意义
  end
end

# 从控制器或模型回调中入队
SendWelcomeEmailJob.perform_later(user.id)

# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
class PostsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_post, only: %i[show edit update destroy]

  def create
    @post = Post.new(post_params)
    if @post.save
      redirect_to @post, notice: "文章已创建。"
    else
      render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  private

  def set_post
    @post = Post.find(params[:id])
  end

  def post_params
    params.require(:post).permit(:title, :body, :published_at)
  end
end

对涉及关联的每个集合查询使用 includes/eager_load 防止 N+1 查询
编写全面的测试，目标覆盖率 >95%
对复杂的业务逻辑使用服务对象；保持控制器简洁
为 WHERE、ORDER BY 或 JOIN 中使用的每一列添加数据库索引
将慢速操作卸载到 Sidekiq — 切勿在请求周期内同步运行它们

🇺🇸English

Rails Expert

Core Workflow

Analyze requirements — Identify models, routes, real-time needs, background jobs
Scaffold resources — rails generate model User name:string email:string, rails generate controller Users
Run migrations — rails db:migrate and verify schema with rails db:schema:dump
- If migration fails: inspect db/schema.rb for conflicts, rollback with rails db:rollback, fix and retry
Implement — Write controllers, models, add Hotwire (see Reference Guide below)
Validate — bundle exec rspec must pass; bundle exec rubocop for style
- If specs fail: check error output, fix failing examples, re-run with --format documentation for detail
- If N+1 queries surface during review: add includes/eager_load (see Common Patterns) and re-run specs
Optimize — Audit for N+1 queries, add missing indexes, add caching

Reference Guide

Load detailed guidance based on context:

Topic	Reference	Load When
Hotwire/Turbo	`references/hotwire-turbo.md`	Turbo Frames, Streams, Stimulus controllers
Active Record	`references/active-record.md`	Models, associations, queries, performance
Background Jobs	`references/background-jobs.md`	Sidekiq, job design, queues, error handling
Testing	`references/rspec-testing.md`	Model/request/system specs, factories
API Development	`references/api-development.md`

Common Patterns

N+1 Prevention with includes/eager_load

# BAD — triggers N+1
posts = Post.all
posts.each { |post| puts post.author.name }

# GOOD — eager load association
posts = Post.includes(:author).all
posts.each { |post| puts post.author.name }

# GOOD — eager_load forces a JOIN (useful when filtering on association)
posts = Post.eager_load(:author).where(authors: { verified: true })

Turbo Frame Setup (partial page update)

<%# app/views/posts/index.html.erb %>
<%= turbo_frame_tag "posts" do %>
  <%= render @posts %>
  <%= link_to "Load More", posts_path(page: @next_page) %>
<% end %>

<%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %>
<%= turbo_frame_tag dom_id(post) do %>
  <h2><%= post.title %></h2>
  <%= link_to "Edit", edit_post_path(post) %>
<% end %>



# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
def index
  @posts = Post.includes(:author).page(params[:page])
  @next_page = @posts.next_page
end

Sidekiq Worker Template

# app/jobs/send_welcome_email_job.rb
class SendWelcomeEmailJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :default
  sidekiq_options retry: 3, dead: false

  def perform(user_id)
    user = User.find(user_id)
    UserMailer.welcome(user).deliver_now
  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound => e
    Rails.logger.warn("SendWelcomeEmailJob: user #{user_id} not found — #{e.message}")
    # Do not re-raise; record is gone, no point retrying
  end
end

# Enqueue from controller or model callback
SendWelcomeEmailJob.perform_later(user.id)

Strong Parameters (controller template)

# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
class PostsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_post, only: %i[show edit update destroy]

  def create
    @post = Post.new(post_params)
    if @post.save
      redirect_to @post, notice: "Post created."
    else
      render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity
    end
  end

  private

  def set_post
    @post = Post.find(params[:id])
  end

  def post_params
    params.require(:post).permit(:title, :body, :published_at)
  end
end

Constraints

MUST DO

Prevent N+1 queries with includes/eager_load on every collection query involving associations
Write comprehensive specs targeting >95% coverage
Use service objects for complex business logic; keep controllers thin
Add database indexes for every column used in WHERE, ORDER BY, or JOIN
Offload slow operations to Sidekiq — never run them synchronously in a request cycle

MUST NOT DO

Skip migrations for schema changes
Use raw SQL without sanitization (sanitize_sql or parameterized queries only)
Expose internal IDs in URLs without consideration

Output Templates

When implementing Rails features, provide:

Migration file (if schema changes needed)
Model file with associations and validations
Controller with RESTful actions and strong parameters
View files or Hotwire setup
Spec files for models and requests
Brief explanation of architectural decisions

Weekly Installs

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Repository

jeffallan/claude-skills

GitHub Stars

7.2K

First Seen

Jan 21, 2026

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Rails专家技能指南：全栈开发工作流程、Hotwire优化与性能调优

🇨🇳中文介绍

Rails 专家

核心工作流程

相关 Skills

参考指南

常见模式

使用 includes/eager_load 防止 N+1 查询

Turbo Frame 设置（部分页面更新）

Sidekiq Worker 模板

Strong Parameters（控制器模板）

约束

必须遵守

禁止事项

输出模板