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switchboard by sendaifun/skills
npx skills add https://github.com/sendaifun/skills --skill switchboardSwitchboard 集成权威指南 - Solana 上最快、最可定制且唯一无需许可的预言机协议。
Switchboard 是一个无需许可的预言机协议,使开发者能够以行业领先的性能将自定义数据上链:
| 原则 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 速度 | Surge 模式 2-5 毫秒,标准模式 400 毫秒 - DeFi 行业领先 |
| 成本效益 | 基于拉取的源消除了持续流式传输成本 |
| 无需许可 | 无需批准即可即时部署数据源 |
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在这里展示您的产品或服务
触达数万 AI 开发者,精准高效
| 安全性 | TEE(可信执行环境)防止数据操纵 |
预言机到程序的直接数据流,无需链上存储:
经典的基于拉取的数据源更新:
适用于高频应用的 WebSocket 流式传输:
| 程序 | 主网 | 开发网 |
|---|---|---|
| 预言机程序 | SW1TCH7qEPTdLsDHRgPuMQjbQxKdH2aBStViMFnt64f | Aio4gaXjXzJNVLtzwtNVmSqGKpANtXhybbkhtAC94ji2 |
| 报价程序 | orac1eFjzWL5R3RbbdMV68K9H6TaCVVcL6LjvQQWAbz | - |
| 网络 | 队列地址 |
|---|---|
| 主网 | A43DyUGA7s8eXPxqEjJY6EBu1KKbNgfxF8h17VAHn13w |
| 开发网 | EYiAmGSdsQTuCw413V5BzaruWuCCSDgTPtBGvLkXHbe7 |
# TypeScript SDK
npm install @switchboard-xyz/on-demand @switchboard-xyz/common
# Rust (Cargo.toml)
# switchboard-on-demand = "0.8.0"
import { web3, AnchorProvider, Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import {
PullFeed,
CrossbarClient,
ON_DEMAND_MAINNET_PID,
ON_DEMAND_DEVNET_PID
} from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// 设置连接和提供者
const connection = new web3.Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const wallet = useWallet(); // 或 Keypair
const provider = new AnchorProvider(connection, wallet);
// 加载 Switchboard 程序
const sbProgram = await Program.at(ON_DEMAND_MAINNET_PID, provider);
// 初始化用于预言机通信的 Crossbar 客户端
const crossbar = new CrossbarClient("https://crossbar.switchboard.xyz");
import { PullFeed, asV0Tx } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// 创建数据源账户引用
const feedPubkey = new web3.PublicKey("YOUR_FEED_PUBKEY");
const feedAccount = new PullFeed(sbProgram, feedPubkey);
// 获取带有预言机签名的更新指令
const { pullIx, responses, numSuccess, luts } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({
crossbarClient: crossbar,
chain: "solana",
network: "mainnet", // 或 "devnet"
});
// 构建并发送交易
const tx = await asV0Tx({
connection,
ixs: [pullIx],
signers: [payer],
computeUnitPrice: 200_000,
computeUnitLimitMultiple: 1.3,
lookupTables: luts,
});
const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(tx);
console.log("数据源已更新:", signature);
// 获取当前数据源值
const feedData = await feedAccount.loadData();
const value = feedData.value.toNumber();
const lastUpdated = feedData.lastUpdatedSlot;
console.log(`价格: ${value}, 最后更新: ${lastUpdated}`);
预言机报价提供了最高效的消费预言机数据的方式:
import { OracleQuote } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// 数据源哈希值(64 字符十六进制字符串)
const feedHashes = [
"0x...", // SOL/USD
"0x...", // BTC/USD
];
// 推导规范报价账户
const queueKey = new web3.PublicKey("A43DyUGA7s8eXPxqEjJY6EBu1KKbNgfxF8h17VAHn13w");
const quotePubkey = OracleQuote.getCanonicalPubkey(queueKey, feedHashes);
// 获取报价指令
const sigVerifyIx = await queue.fetchQuoteIx(crossbar, feedHashes, {
numSignatures: 1,
variableOverrides: {},
});
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use switchboard_on_demand::{default_queue, SwitchboardQuoteExt, SwitchboardQuote};
#[program]
pub mod my_program {
use super::*;
pub fn read_oracle_data(ctx: Context<ReadOracleData>) -> Result<()> {
let feeds = &ctx.accounts.quote_account.feeds;
let current_slot = ctx.accounts.sysvars.clock.slot;
let quote_slot = ctx.accounts.quote_account.slot;
// 检查数据陈旧性
let staleness = current_slot.saturating_sub(quote_slot);
require!(staleness < 100, ErrorCode::StaleFeed);
for feed in feeds.iter() {
msg!("数据源 {}: 值 = {}", feed.hex_id(), feed.value());
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct ReadOracleData<'info> {
#[account(address = quote_account.canonical_key(&default_queue()))]
pub quote_account: Box<Account<'info, SwitchboardQuote>>,
pub sysvars: Sysvars<'info>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Sysvars<'info> {
pub clock: Sysvar<'info, Clock>,
}
适用于需要实时价格更新的应用:
import { SwitchboardSurge } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// 初始化 Surge 客户端
const surge = new SwitchboardSurge({
apiKey: "YOUR_API_KEY", // 可选
gatewayUrl: "wss://surge.switchboard.xyz",
autoReconnect: true,
maxReconnectAttempts: 5,
reconnectDelay: 1000,
});
// 订阅数据源
surge.subscribe(["SOL/USD", "BTC/USD"]);
// 处理事件
surge.on("connected", () => {
console.log("已连接到 Surge");
});
surge.on("data", (data) => {
console.log(`${data.symbol}: ${data.price}`);
});
surge.on("error", (error) => {
console.error("Surge 错误:", error);
});
surge.on("disconnected", () => {
console.log("已断开与 Surge 的连接");
});
密码学安全的链上随机数:
import { RandomnessService } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// 请求随机数
const randomnessAccount = await RandomnessService.create(sbProgram, {
queue: queuePubkey,
callback: {
programId: myProgramId,
accounts: [...],
ixData: Buffer.from([...]),
},
});
// 揭示随机数(在预言机完成之后)
const randomValue = await randomnessAccount.reveal();
console.log("随机值:", randomValue);
use switchboard_on_demand::RandomnessAccountData;
pub fn consume_randomness(ctx: Context<ConsumeRandomness>) -> Result<()> {
let randomness_data = RandomnessAccountData::parse(
ctx.accounts.randomness_account.to_account_info()
)?;
// 使用随机值
let random_value = randomness_data.get_value(&ctx.accounts.clock)?;
// 示例:抛硬币
let is_heads = random_value[0] % 2 == 0;
Ok(())
}
import { FeedBuilder } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
const feedConfig = new FeedBuilder()
.addJob({
tasks: [
{
httpTask: {
url: "https://api.example.com/price",
},
},
{
jsonParseTask: {
path: "$.price",
},
},
],
})
.setMinResponses(3)
.setMaxVariance(0.1);
const feedHash = await feedConfig.build();
| 方面 | Anchor(基础) | Pinocchio(高级) |
|---|---|---|
| 学习曲线 | 适合初学者 | 仅限高级用户 |
| 计算单元 | ~2,000 CU | ~190 CU |
| 安全模型 | 完全验证 | 受信任的曲柄操作者 |
| 用例 | 标准 DeFi | 预言机 AMM、高频交易 |
始终验证数据源的新鲜度:
let staleness = current_slot.saturating_sub(feed_slot);
require!(staleness < MAX_STALENESS_SLOTS, ErrorCode::StaleFeed);
为关键操作请求多个预言机签名:
const { pullIx } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({
numSignatures: 3, // 增加以提高安全性
});
try {
const { pullIx, numSuccess } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({...});
if (numSuccess < minRequired) {
throw new Error(`预言机响应不足: ${numSuccess}`);
}
} catch (error) {
if (error.message.includes("timeout")) {
// 使用不同的预言机重试
}
throw error;
}
对于复杂操作,增加计算预算:
import { ComputeBudgetProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";
const modifyComputeUnits = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({
units: 400_000,
});
const tx = new Transaction()
.add(modifyComputeUnits)
.add(pullIx)
.add(yourInstruction);
| 仓库 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| switchboard | 主 SDK 仓库 |
| sb-on-demand-examples | 集成示例 |
| solana-sdk | Rust SDK |
| on-demand | TypeScript SDK |
switchboard/
├── SKILL.md # 此文件
├── resources/
│ ├── program-ids.md # 所有程序地址和队列
│ ├── sdk-reference.md # TypeScript SDK API 参考
│ ├── rust-reference.md # Rust SDK 参考
│ └── github-repos.md # 仓库链接
├── examples/
│ ├── setup/
│ │ └── example.ts # 基本设置
│ ├── feeds/
│ │ ├── pull-feed.ts # 拉取数据源更新
│ │ ├── oracle-quote.ts # 预言机报价集成
│ │ └── read-feed.ts # 读取数据源值
│ ├── randomness/
│ │ └── vrf-example.ts # VRF 随机数
│ └── surge/
│ └── streaming.ts # 实时流式传输
├── templates/
│ └── setup.ts # 完整入门模板
└── docs/
└── troubleshooting.md # 常见问题
每周安装数
51
仓库
GitHub 星标数
68
首次出现
2026年1月24日
安全审计
已安装于
gemini-cli47
codex47
opencode47
github-copilot45
amp44
kimi-cli44
The definitive guide for integrating Switchboard - the fastest, most customizable, and only permissionless oracle protocol on Solana.
Switchboard is a permissionless oracle protocol enabling developers to bring custom data on-chain with industry-leading performance:
| Principle | Description |
|---|---|
| Speed | 2-5ms with Surge, 400ms standard - industry-leading for DeFi |
| Cost Efficiency | Pull-based feeds eliminate constant streaming costs |
| Permissionless | Deploy feeds instantly without approvals |
| Security | TEE (Trusted Execution Environments) prevent data manipulation |
Direct oracle-to-program data flow without on-chain storage:
Classic pull-based feed updates:
WebSocket streaming for high-frequency applications:
| Program | Mainnet | Devnet |
|---|---|---|
| Oracle Program | SW1TCH7qEPTdLsDHRgPuMQjbQxKdH2aBStViMFnt64f | Aio4gaXjXzJNVLtzwtNVmSqGKpANtXhybbkhtAC94ji2 |
| Quote Program | orac1eFjzWL5R3RbbdMV68K9H6TaCVVcL6LjvQQWAbz | - |
| Network | Queue Address |
|---|---|
| Mainnet | A43DyUGA7s8eXPxqEjJY6EBu1KKbNgfxF8h17VAHn13w |
| Devnet | EYiAmGSdsQTuCw413V5BzaruWuCCSDgTPtBGvLkXHbe7 |
# TypeScript SDK
npm install @switchboard-xyz/on-demand @switchboard-xyz/common
# Rust (Cargo.toml)
# switchboard-on-demand = "0.8.0"
import { web3, AnchorProvider, Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import {
PullFeed,
CrossbarClient,
ON_DEMAND_MAINNET_PID,
ON_DEMAND_DEVNET_PID
} from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// Setup connection and provider
const connection = new web3.Connection("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
const wallet = useWallet(); // or Keypair
const provider = new AnchorProvider(connection, wallet);
// Load Switchboard program
const sbProgram = await Program.at(ON_DEMAND_MAINNET_PID, provider);
// Initialize Crossbar client for oracle communication
const crossbar = new CrossbarClient("https://crossbar.switchboard.xyz");
import { PullFeed, asV0Tx } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// Create feed account reference
const feedPubkey = new web3.PublicKey("YOUR_FEED_PUBKEY");
const feedAccount = new PullFeed(sbProgram, feedPubkey);
// Fetch update instruction with oracle signatures
const { pullIx, responses, numSuccess, luts } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({
crossbarClient: crossbar,
chain: "solana",
network: "mainnet", // or "devnet"
});
// Build and send transaction
const tx = await asV0Tx({
connection,
ixs: [pullIx],
signers: [payer],
computeUnitPrice: 200_000,
computeUnitLimitMultiple: 1.3,
lookupTables: luts,
});
const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(tx);
console.log("Feed updated:", signature);
// Get current feed value
const feedData = await feedAccount.loadData();
const value = feedData.value.toNumber();
const lastUpdated = feedData.lastUpdatedSlot;
console.log(`Price: ${value}, Last Updated: ${lastUpdated}`);
Oracle Quotes provide the most efficient way to consume oracle data:
import { OracleQuote } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// Feed hashes (64-char hex strings)
const feedHashes = [
"0x...", // SOL/USD
"0x...", // BTC/USD
];
// Derive canonical quote account
const queueKey = new web3.PublicKey("A43DyUGA7s8eXPxqEjJY6EBu1KKbNgfxF8h17VAHn13w");
const quotePubkey = OracleQuote.getCanonicalPubkey(queueKey, feedHashes);
// Fetch quote instruction
const sigVerifyIx = await queue.fetchQuoteIx(crossbar, feedHashes, {
numSignatures: 1,
variableOverrides: {},
});
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use switchboard_on_demand::{default_queue, SwitchboardQuoteExt, SwitchboardQuote};
#[program]
pub mod my_program {
use super::*;
pub fn read_oracle_data(ctx: Context<ReadOracleData>) -> Result<()> {
let feeds = &ctx.accounts.quote_account.feeds;
let current_slot = ctx.accounts.sysvars.clock.slot;
let quote_slot = ctx.accounts.quote_account.slot;
// Check staleness
let staleness = current_slot.saturating_sub(quote_slot);
require!(staleness < 100, ErrorCode::StaleFeed);
for feed in feeds.iter() {
msg!("Feed {}: Value = {}", feed.hex_id(), feed.value());
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct ReadOracleData<'info> {
#[account(address = quote_account.canonical_key(&default_queue()))]
pub quote_account: Box<Account<'info, SwitchboardQuote>>,
pub sysvars: Sysvars<'info>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Sysvars<'info> {
pub clock: Sysvar<'info, Clock>,
}
For applications requiring real-time price updates:
import { SwitchboardSurge } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// Initialize Surge client
const surge = new SwitchboardSurge({
apiKey: "YOUR_API_KEY", // Optional
gatewayUrl: "wss://surge.switchboard.xyz",
autoReconnect: true,
maxReconnectAttempts: 5,
reconnectDelay: 1000,
});
// Subscribe to feeds
surge.subscribe(["SOL/USD", "BTC/USD"]);
// Handle events
surge.on("connected", () => {
console.log("Connected to Surge");
});
surge.on("data", (data) => {
console.log(`${data.symbol}: ${data.price}`);
});
surge.on("error", (error) => {
console.error("Surge error:", error);
});
surge.on("disconnected", () => {
console.log("Disconnected from Surge");
});
Cryptographically secure on-chain randomness:
import { RandomnessService } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
// Request randomness
const randomnessAccount = await RandomnessService.create(sbProgram, {
queue: queuePubkey,
callback: {
programId: myProgramId,
accounts: [...],
ixData: Buffer.from([...]),
},
});
// Reveal randomness (after oracle fulfillment)
const randomValue = await randomnessAccount.reveal();
console.log("Random value:", randomValue);
use switchboard_on_demand::RandomnessAccountData;
pub fn consume_randomness(ctx: Context<ConsumeRandomness>) -> Result<()> {
let randomness_data = RandomnessAccountData::parse(
ctx.accounts.randomness_account.to_account_info()
)?;
// Use the random value
let random_value = randomness_data.get_value(&ctx.accounts.clock)?;
// Example: coin flip
let is_heads = random_value[0] % 2 == 0;
Ok(())
}
import { FeedBuilder } from "@switchboard-xyz/on-demand";
const feedConfig = new FeedBuilder()
.addJob({
tasks: [
{
httpTask: {
url: "https://api.example.com/price",
},
},
{
jsonParseTask: {
path: "$.price",
},
},
],
})
.setMinResponses(3)
.setMaxVariance(0.1);
const feedHash = await feedConfig.build();
| Aspect | Anchor (Basic) | Pinocchio (Advanced) |
|---|---|---|
| Learning Curve | Beginner-friendly | Advanced only |
| Compute Units | ~2,000 CU | ~190 CU |
| Safety Model | Full validation | Trusted cranker |
| Use Cases | Standard DeFi | Oracle AMMs, HFT |
Always verify feed freshness:
let staleness = current_slot.saturating_sub(feed_slot);
require!(staleness < MAX_STALENESS_SLOTS, ErrorCode::StaleFeed);
Request multiple oracle signatures for critical operations:
const { pullIx } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({
numSignatures: 3, // Increase for higher security
});
try {
const { pullIx, numSuccess } = await feedAccount.fetchUpdateIx({...});
if (numSuccess < minRequired) {
throw new Error(`Insufficient oracle responses: ${numSuccess}`);
}
} catch (error) {
if (error.message.includes("timeout")) {
// Retry with different oracles
}
throw error;
}
For complex operations, increase compute budget:
import { ComputeBudgetProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";
const modifyComputeUnits = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({
units: 400_000,
});
const tx = new Transaction()
.add(modifyComputeUnits)
.add(pullIx)
.add(yourInstruction);
| Repository | Description |
|---|---|
| switchboard | Main SDK repository |
| sb-on-demand-examples | Integration examples |
| solana-sdk | Rust SDK |
| on-demand | TypeScript SDK |
switchboard/
├── SKILL.md # This file
├── resources/
│ ├── program-ids.md # All program addresses and queues
│ ├── sdk-reference.md # TypeScript SDK API reference
│ ├── rust-reference.md # Rust SDK reference
│ └── github-repos.md # Repository links
├── examples/
│ ├── setup/
│ │ └── example.ts # Basic setup
│ ├── feeds/
│ │ ├── pull-feed.ts # Pull feed updates
│ │ ├── oracle-quote.ts # Oracle quote integration
│ │ └── read-feed.ts # Read feed values
│ ├── randomness/
│ │ └── vrf-example.ts # VRF randomness
│ └── surge/
│ └── streaming.ts # Real-time streaming
├── templates/
│ └── setup.ts # Complete starter template
└── docs/
└── troubleshooting.md # Common issues
Weekly Installs
51
Repository
GitHub Stars
68
First Seen
Jan 24, 2026
Security Audits
Gen Agent Trust HubFailSocketWarnSnykWarn
Installed on
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github-copilot45
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