google-app-engine by jezweb/claude-skills
npx skills add https://github.com/jezweb/claude-skills --skill google-app-engine状态:生产就绪 最后更新:2026-01-24 依赖项:Google Cloud SDK (gcloud CLI) 技能版本:1.0.0
# Install Google Cloud SDK
# macOS
brew install google-cloud-sdk
# Or download from https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install
# Authenticate
gcloud auth login
gcloud config set project YOUR_PROJECT_ID
# Enable required APIs
gcloud services enable appengine.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable secretmanager.googleapis.com
# app.yaml - Standard Environment (Python 3.12)
runtime: python312
instance_class: F2
env_variables:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: "myproject.settings.production"
handlers:
# Static files (served directly by App Engine)
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
secure: always
# All other requests go to the app
- url: /.*
script: auto
secure: always
automatic_scaling:
min_instances: 0
max_instances: 10
target_cpu_utilization: 0.65
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# Deploy to App Engine
gcloud app deploy
# Deploy with specific version
gcloud app deploy --version=v1 --no-promote
# View logs
gcloud app logs tail -s default
适用场景:构建符合运行时约束的典型 Web 应用、API 或服务。
| 方面 | 标准环境 |
|---|---|
| 启动 | 快速 (毫秒级) |
| 扩缩容 | 可缩容至零 |
| 定价 | 按请求付费 |
| 运行时 | Python 3.8-3.12 |
| 实例类别 | F1, F2, F4, F4_1G |
| 最大请求时间 | 60 秒 |
| 后台任务 | 仅限 Cloud Tasks |
# app.yaml - Standard
runtime: python312
instance_class: F2
适用场景:需要自定义运行时、Docker、更长的请求超时时间或后台线程。
| 方面 | 灵活环境 |
|---|---|
| 启动 | 较慢 (分钟级) |
| 扩缩容 | 至少 1 个实例 |
| 定价 | 按虚拟机小时计费 |
| 运行时 | 任意 (Docker) |
| 最大请求时间 | 60 分钟 |
| 后台任务 | 原生线程 |
# app.yaml - Flexible
runtime: python
env: flex
runtime_config:
runtime_version: "3.12"
resources:
cpu: 1
memory_gb: 0.5
disk_size_gb: 10
automatic_scaling:
min_num_instances: 1
max_num_instances: 5
成本警告:灵活环境始终至少运行 1 个实例 (~每月最低 $30-40)。
App Engine 标准环境通过 Unix 套接字而非 TCP/IP 连接到 Cloud SQL。
# settings.py
import os
if os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION'):
# Production: Cloud SQL via Unix socket
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
'USER': os.environ['DB_USER'],
'PASSWORD': os.environ['DB_PASSWORD'],
'HOST': f"/cloudsql/{os.environ['CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME']}",
'PORT': '', # Empty for Unix socket
}
}
else:
# Local development: Cloud SQL Proxy or local DB
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': os.environ.get('DB_NAME', 'localdb'),
'USER': os.environ.get('DB_USER', 'postgres'),
'PASSWORD': os.environ.get('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
# app.yaml
env_variables:
DB_NAME: "mydb"
DB_USER: "myuser"
CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME: "project:region:instance"
# CRITICAL: Beta settings for Cloud SQL socket
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: "project:region:instance"
关键:beta_settings.cloud_sql_instances 启用 Unix 套接字。没有它,连接将失败。
# Download and run Cloud SQL Proxy
cloud-sql-proxy PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE --port=5432
# Or use Docker
docker run -p 5432:5432 \
gcr.io/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy:2.8.0 \
PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE
# app.yaml
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
secure: always
expiration: "1d"
# Collect static files before deploy
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
gcloud app deploy
限制:文件随部署捆绑,每个文件大小限制为 32MB。
# settings.py
from google.cloud import storage
GS_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('GS_BUCKET_NAME')
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
# Or with django-storages
STORAGES = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage",
"OPTIONS": {
"bucket_name": GS_BUCKET_NAME,
"location": "media",
},
},
"staticfiles": {
"BACKEND": "storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage",
"OPTIONS": {
"bucket_name": GS_BUCKET_NAME,
"location": "static",
},
},
}
# Install django-storages
pip install django-storages[google]
# Create bucket with public access for static files
gsutil mb -l us-central1 gs://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME
gsutil iam ch allUsers:objectViewer gs://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME
# app.yaml - NOT for secrets!
env_variables:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: "myproject.settings.production"
DEBUG: "False"
警告:app.yaml 会提交到源代码管理。切勿在此处放置密钥。
# settings.py
from google.cloud import secretmanager
def get_secret(secret_id, version="latest"):
"""Fetch secret from Google Secret Manager."""
client = secretmanager.SecretManagerServiceClient()
project_id = os.environ.get('GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT')
name = f"projects/{project_id}/secrets/{secret_id}/versions/{version}"
response = client.access_secret_version(request={"name": name})
return response.payload.data.decode("UTF-8")
# Usage
if os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION'):
SECRET_KEY = get_secret('django-secret-key')
DB_PASSWORD = get_secret('db-password')
# Create secrets
echo -n "your-secret-key" | gcloud secrets create django-secret-key --data-file=-
echo -n "db-password" | gcloud secrets create db-password --data-file=-
# Grant App Engine access
gcloud secrets add-iam-policy-binding django-secret-key \
--member="serviceAccount:YOUR_PROJECT@appspot.gserviceaccount.com" \
--role="roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor"
automatic_scaling:
min_instances: 0 # Scale to zero when idle
max_instances: 10 # Cap maximum instances
target_cpu_utilization: 0.65
target_throughput_utilization: 0.6
max_concurrent_requests: 80
min_pending_latency: 30ms
max_pending_latency: automatic
basic_scaling:
max_instances: 5
idle_timeout: 5m
适用场景:需要运行后台工作但不需要立即缩容至零的服务。
manual_scaling:
instances: 3
适用场景:可预测的工作负载、WebSocket 连接或需要保证容量的情况。
| 类别 | 内存 | CPU | 成本/小时 |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | 256 MB | 600 MHz | $0.05 |
| F2 | 512 MB | 1.2 GHz | $0.10 |
| F4 | 1 GB | 2.4 GHz | $0.20 |
| F4_1G | 2 GB | 2.4 GHz | $0.30 |
# Recommended for Django
instance_class: F2 # 512MB usually sufficient
如果出现内存错误或响应时间慢,请升级到 F4。
此技能可预防 6 个已记录的问题:
错误:could not connect to server: Connection refused 发生原因:app.yaml 中缺少 beta_settings.cloud_sql_instances 预防措施:始终包含:
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: "project:region:instance"
错误:部署后静态文件返回 404 发生原因:未运行 collectstatic,或处理器顺序错误 预防措施:
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
并确保静态文件处理器在通配处理器之前:
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
- url: /.*
script: auto
错误:首次请求或负载下出现 502 错误 发生原因:冷启动超时,应用初始化时间过长 预防措施:
min_instances: 1 避免冷启动instance_class 以获得更多 CPU/内存错误:日志中出现 Exceeded soft memory limit 发生原因:F1 类别 (256MB) 对于 Django + 依赖项来说太小 预防措施:Django 应用至少使用 instance_class: F2
错误:60 秒后出现 DeadlineExceededError 发生原因:标准环境有 60 秒的请求限制 预防措施:
错误:Django SECRET_KEY 暴露在 git 历史记录中 发生原因:将密钥放在 app.yaml 的 env_variables 中 预防措施:使用 Secret Manager (参见环境变量部分)
# Deploy default service
gcloud app deploy
# Deploy specific service
gcloud app deploy app.yaml --service=api
# Deploy without promoting (for testing)
gcloud app deploy --version=v2 --no-promote
# Split traffic between versions
gcloud app services set-traffic default --splits=v1=0.5,v2=0.5
# Promote version
gcloud app versions migrate v2
# View logs
gcloud app logs tail -s default
# Open app in browser
gcloud app browse
# List versions
gcloud app versions list
# Delete old versions
gcloud app versions delete v1 v2 --quiet
myproject/
├── app.yaml # Default service
├── api/
│ └── app.yaml # API service
├── worker/
│ └── app.yaml # Background worker
└── dispatch.yaml # URL routing
# dispatch.yaml
dispatch:
- url: "*/api/*"
service: api
- url: "*/tasks/*"
service: worker
# Deploy all services
gcloud app deploy app.yaml api/app.yaml worker/app.yaml dispatch.yaml
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('_ah/health', lambda r: HttpResponse('ok')),
# ... other urls
]
# app.yaml
liveness_check:
path: "/_ah/health"
check_interval_sec: 30
timeout_sec: 4
failure_threshold: 2
success_threshold: 2
readiness_check:
path: "/_ah/health"
check_interval_sec: 5
timeout_sec: 4
failure_threshold: 2
success_threshold: 2
# app.yaml
inbound_services:
- warmup
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('_ah/warmup', warmup_view),
]
# views.py
def warmup_view(request):
"""Pre-warm caches and connections."""
from django.db import connection
connection.ensure_connection()
return HttpResponse('ok')
# app.yaml
handlers:
- url: /.*
script: auto
secure: always # Redirects HTTP to HTTPS
# Terminal 1: Run Cloud SQL Proxy
cloud-sql-proxy PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE --port=5432
# Terminal 2: Run Django
export DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
export DB_PORT=5432
python manage.py runserver
# Not recommended - use Django's runserver instead
dev_appserver.py app.yaml
# settings.py
import os
# Detect App Engine environment
IS_GAE = os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION') is not None
IS_GAE_LOCAL = os.getenv('GAE_ENV') == 'localdev'
if IS_GAE:
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['.appspot.com', '.your-domain.com']
else:
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost', '127.0.0.1']
app.yaml - 标准环境配置app-flex.yaml - 灵活环境配置requirements.txt - App Engine 的常用依赖项instance-classes.md - 详细的实例类别比较common-errors.md - 错误消息和解决方案# requirements.txt
gunicorn>=21.0.0
google-cloud-secret-manager>=2.16.0
google-cloud-storage>=2.10.0
django-storages[google]>=1.14.0
psycopg2-binary>=2.9.9 # For PostgreSQL
SECRET_KEY 在 Secret Manager 中 (不在 app.yaml 中)DEBUG = FalseALLOWED_HOSTS 已为您的域名配置collectstaticbeta_settings.cloud_sql_instancessecure: always)最后验证:2026-01-24 | 技能版本:1.0.0
每周安装数
249
代码仓库
GitHub 星标数
643
首次出现
2026年1月24日
安全审计
安装于
claude-code206
gemini-cli168
opencode164
cursor158
antigravity151
codex143
Status : Production Ready Last Updated : 2026-01-24 Dependencies : Google Cloud SDK (gcloud CLI) Skill Version : 1.0.0
# Install Google Cloud SDK
# macOS
brew install google-cloud-sdk
# Or download from https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install
# Authenticate
gcloud auth login
gcloud config set project YOUR_PROJECT_ID
# Enable required APIs
gcloud services enable appengine.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable secretmanager.googleapis.com
# app.yaml - Standard Environment (Python 3.12)
runtime: python312
instance_class: F2
env_variables:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: "myproject.settings.production"
handlers:
# Static files (served directly by App Engine)
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
secure: always
# All other requests go to the app
- url: /.*
script: auto
secure: always
automatic_scaling:
min_instances: 0
max_instances: 10
target_cpu_utilization: 0.65
# Deploy to App Engine
gcloud app deploy
# Deploy with specific version
gcloud app deploy --version=v1 --no-promote
# View logs
gcloud app logs tail -s default
Use when : Building typical web apps, APIs, or services that fit within runtime constraints.
| Aspect | Standard |
|---|---|
| Startup | Fast (milliseconds) |
| Scaling | Scale to zero |
| Pricing | Pay per request |
| Runtimes | Python 3.8-3.12 |
| Instance Classes | F1, F2, F4, F4_1G |
| Max Request | 60 seconds |
| Background | Cloud Tasks only |
# app.yaml - Standard
runtime: python312
instance_class: F2
Use when : Need custom runtimes, Docker, longer request timeouts, or background threads.
| Aspect | Flexible |
|---|---|
| Startup | Slower (minutes) |
| Scaling | Min 1 instance |
| Pricing | Per-hour VM |
| Runtimes | Any (Docker) |
| Max Request | 60 minutes |
| Background | Native threads |
# app.yaml - Flexible
runtime: python
env: flex
runtime_config:
runtime_version: "3.12"
resources:
cpu: 1
memory_gb: 0.5
disk_size_gb: 10
automatic_scaling:
min_num_instances: 1
max_num_instances: 5
Cost Warning : Flexible always runs at least 1 instance (~$30-40/month minimum).
App Engine Standard connects to Cloud SQL via Unix sockets, not TCP/IP.
# settings.py
import os
if os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION'):
# Production: Cloud SQL via Unix socket
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
'USER': os.environ['DB_USER'],
'PASSWORD': os.environ['DB_PASSWORD'],
'HOST': f"/cloudsql/{os.environ['CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME']}",
'PORT': '', # Empty for Unix socket
}
}
else:
# Local development: Cloud SQL Proxy or local DB
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'NAME': os.environ.get('DB_NAME', 'localdb'),
'USER': os.environ.get('DB_USER', 'postgres'),
'PASSWORD': os.environ.get('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
# app.yaml
env_variables:
DB_NAME: "mydb"
DB_USER: "myuser"
CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME: "project:region:instance"
# CRITICAL: Beta settings for Cloud SQL socket
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: "project:region:instance"
CRITICAL : The beta_settings.cloud_sql_instances enables the Unix socket. Without it, connection fails.
# Download and run Cloud SQL Proxy
cloud-sql-proxy PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE --port=5432
# Or use Docker
docker run -p 5432:5432 \
gcr.io/cloud-sql-connectors/cloud-sql-proxy:2.8.0 \
PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE
# app.yaml
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
secure: always
expiration: "1d"
# Collect static files before deploy
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
gcloud app deploy
Limitation : Files bundled with deploy, limited to 32MB per file.
# settings.py
from google.cloud import storage
GS_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('GS_BUCKET_NAME')
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage'
# Or with django-storages
STORAGES = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage",
"OPTIONS": {
"bucket_name": GS_BUCKET_NAME,
"location": "media",
},
},
"staticfiles": {
"BACKEND": "storages.backends.gcloud.GoogleCloudStorage",
"OPTIONS": {
"bucket_name": GS_BUCKET_NAME,
"location": "static",
},
},
}
# Install django-storages
pip install django-storages[google]
# Create bucket with public access for static files
gsutil mb -l us-central1 gs://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME
gsutil iam ch allUsers:objectViewer gs://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME
# app.yaml - NOT for secrets!
env_variables:
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: "myproject.settings.production"
DEBUG: "False"
Warning : app.yaml is committed to source control. Never put secrets here.
# settings.py
from google.cloud import secretmanager
def get_secret(secret_id, version="latest"):
"""Fetch secret from Google Secret Manager."""
client = secretmanager.SecretManagerServiceClient()
project_id = os.environ.get('GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT')
name = f"projects/{project_id}/secrets/{secret_id}/versions/{version}"
response = client.access_secret_version(request={"name": name})
return response.payload.data.decode("UTF-8")
# Usage
if os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION'):
SECRET_KEY = get_secret('django-secret-key')
DB_PASSWORD = get_secret('db-password')
# Create secrets
echo -n "your-secret-key" | gcloud secrets create django-secret-key --data-file=-
echo -n "db-password" | gcloud secrets create db-password --data-file=-
# Grant App Engine access
gcloud secrets add-iam-policy-binding django-secret-key \
--member="serviceAccount:YOUR_PROJECT@appspot.gserviceaccount.com" \
--role="roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor"
automatic_scaling:
min_instances: 0 # Scale to zero when idle
max_instances: 10 # Cap maximum instances
target_cpu_utilization: 0.65
target_throughput_utilization: 0.6
max_concurrent_requests: 80
min_pending_latency: 30ms
max_pending_latency: automatic
basic_scaling:
max_instances: 5
idle_timeout: 5m
Use for : Services that need to run background work without scaling to zero immediately.
manual_scaling:
instances: 3
Use for : Predictable workloads, WebSocket connections, or when you need guaranteed capacity.
| Class | Memory | CPU | Cost/hour |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | 256 MB | 600 MHz | $0.05 |
| F2 | 512 MB | 1.2 GHz | $0.10 |
| F4 | 1 GB | 2.4 GHz | $0.20 |
| F4_1G | 2 GB | 2.4 GHz | $0.30 |
# Recommended for Django
instance_class: F2 # 512MB usually sufficient
Upgrade to F4 if you see memory errors or slow response times.
This skill prevents 6 documented issues :
Error : could not connect to server: Connection refused Why It Happens : Missing beta_settings.cloud_sql_instances in app.yaml Prevention : Always include:
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: "project:region:instance"
Error : Static files return 404 after deploy Why It Happens : collectstatic not run, or handler order wrong Prevention :
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
And ensure static handler comes before catch-all:
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: staticfiles/
- url: /.*
script: auto
Error : 502 errors on first request or under load Why It Happens : Cold start timeout, app takes too long to initialize Prevention :
min_instances: 1 to avoid cold startsinstance_class for more CPU/memoryError : Exceeded soft memory limit in logs Why It Happens : F1 class (256MB) too small for Django + dependencies Prevention : Use instance_class: F2 minimum for Django apps
Error : DeadlineExceededError after 60 seconds Why It Happens : Standard environment has 60s request limit Prevention :
Error : Django SECRET_KEY exposed in git history Why It Happens : Putting secrets in app.yaml env_variables Prevention : Use Secret Manager (see Environment Variables section)
# Deploy default service
gcloud app deploy
# Deploy specific service
gcloud app deploy app.yaml --service=api
# Deploy without promoting (for testing)
gcloud app deploy --version=v2 --no-promote
# Split traffic between versions
gcloud app services set-traffic default --splits=v1=0.5,v2=0.5
# Promote version
gcloud app versions migrate v2
# View logs
gcloud app logs tail -s default
# Open app in browser
gcloud app browse
# List versions
gcloud app versions list
# Delete old versions
gcloud app versions delete v1 v2 --quiet
myproject/
├── app.yaml # Default service
├── api/
│ └── app.yaml # API service
├── worker/
│ └── app.yaml # Background worker
└── dispatch.yaml # URL routing
# dispatch.yaml
dispatch:
- url: "*/api/*"
service: api
- url: "*/tasks/*"
service: worker
# Deploy all services
gcloud app deploy app.yaml api/app.yaml worker/app.yaml dispatch.yaml
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('_ah/health', lambda r: HttpResponse('ok')),
# ... other urls
]
# app.yaml
liveness_check:
path: "/_ah/health"
check_interval_sec: 30
timeout_sec: 4
failure_threshold: 2
success_threshold: 2
readiness_check:
path: "/_ah/health"
check_interval_sec: 5
timeout_sec: 4
failure_threshold: 2
success_threshold: 2
# app.yaml
inbound_services:
- warmup
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('_ah/warmup', warmup_view),
]
# views.py
def warmup_view(request):
"""Pre-warm caches and connections."""
from django.db import connection
connection.ensure_connection()
return HttpResponse('ok')
# app.yaml
handlers:
- url: /.*
script: auto
secure: always # Redirects HTTP to HTTPS
# Terminal 1: Run Cloud SQL Proxy
cloud-sql-proxy PROJECT:REGION:INSTANCE --port=5432
# Terminal 2: Run Django
export DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
export DB_PORT=5432
python manage.py runserver
# Not recommended - use Django's runserver instead
dev_appserver.py app.yaml
# settings.py
import os
# Detect App Engine environment
IS_GAE = os.getenv('GAE_APPLICATION') is not None
IS_GAE_LOCAL = os.getenv('GAE_ENV') == 'localdev'
if IS_GAE:
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['.appspot.com', '.your-domain.com']
else:
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost', '127.0.0.1']
app.yaml - Standard environment configurationapp-flex.yaml - Flexible environment configurationrequirements.txt - Common dependencies for App Engineinstance-classes.md - Detailed instance class comparisoncommon-errors.md - Error messages and solutions# requirements.txt
gunicorn>=21.0.0
google-cloud-secret-manager>=2.16.0
google-cloud-storage>=2.10.0
django-storages[google]>=1.14.0
psycopg2-binary>=2.9.9 # For PostgreSQL
SECRET_KEY in Secret Manager (not app.yaml)DEBUG = False in production settingsALLOWED_HOSTS configured for your domaincollectstatic runs before deploybeta_settings.cloud_sql_instances setsecure: always)Last verified : 2026-01-24 | Skill version : 1.0.0
Weekly Installs
249
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GitHub Stars
643
First Seen
Jan 24, 2026
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Installed on
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