Pytest Testing by pluginagentmarketplace/custom-plugin-python
npx skills add https://github.com/pluginagentmarketplace/custom-plugin-python --skill 'Pytest Testing'掌握使用 pytest 进行软件测试,pytest 是 Python 最流行的测试框架。学习测试驱动开发(TDD),编写可维护的测试,并通过全面的测试策略确保代码质量。
代码示例:
# test_calculator.py
import pytest
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def divide(a, b):
if b == 0:
raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")
return a / b
# Basic test
def test_add():
assert add(2, 3) == 5
assert add(-1, 1) == 0
assert add(0, 0) == 0
# Test exceptions
def test_divide_by_zero():
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Cannot divide by zero"):
divide(10, 0)
# Parametrized test
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", [
(10, 2, 5),
(20, 4, 5),
(100, 10, 10),
(-10, 2, -5),
])
def test_divide(a, b, expected):
assert divide(a, b) == expected
# Test with marker
@pytest.mark.slow
def test_complex_operation():
# This test takes a long time
result = sum(range(1000000))
assert result == 499999500000
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代码示例:
# conftest.py
import pytest
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
"""为测试提供样本数据"""
return {
'users': [
{'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com'},
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Bob', 'email': 'bob@example.com'},
]
}
@pytest.fixture
def temp_file():
"""为测试创建临时文件"""
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False) as f:
f.write("Test data")
temp_path = f.name
yield temp_path
# 清理
Path(temp_path).unlink()
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def database_connection():
"""模块作用域的数据库连接"""
db = DatabaseConnection('test.db')
db.connect()
yield db
db.close()
# test_users.py
def test_user_count(sample_data):
assert len(sample_data['users']) == 2
def test_user_names(sample_data):
names = [user['name'] for user in sample_data['users']]
assert 'Alice' in names
assert 'Bob' in names
def test_file_operations(temp_file):
content = Path(temp_file).read_text()
assert content == "Test data"
代码示例:
# api_client.py
import requests
class APIClient:
def __init__(self, base_url):
self.base_url = base_url
def get_user(self, user_id):
response = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/users/{user_id}")
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
def create_user(self, user_data):
response = requests.post(f"{self.base_url}/users", json=user_data)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
# test_api_client.py
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
import pytest
@patch('api_client.requests.get')
def test_get_user(mock_get):
# 设置模拟
mock_response = Mock()
mock_response.json.return_value = {'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice'}
mock_response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
mock_get.return_value = mock_response
# 测试
client = APIClient('https://api.example.com')
user = client.get_user(1)
# 断言
assert user['name'] == 'Alice'
mock_get.assert_called_once_with('https://api.example.com/users/1')
@patch('api_client.requests.post')
def test_create_user(mock_post):
# 设置模拟
mock_response = Mock()
mock_response.json.return_value = {'id': 3, 'name': 'Charlie'}
mock_post.return_value = mock_response
# 测试
client = APIClient('https://api.example.com')
user_data = {'name': 'Charlie', 'email': 'charlie@example.com'}
result = client.create_user(user_data)
# 断言
assert result['id'] == 3
mock_post.assert_called_once_with(
'https://api.example.com/users",
json=user_data
)
代码示例:
# pytest.ini
[tool:pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
addopts =
--cov=myapp
--cov-report=html
--cov-report=term-missing
--cov-fail-under=80
-v
# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install pytest pytest-cov
- name: Run tests
run: |
pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=xml
- name: Upload coverage
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
with:
file: ./coverage.xml
# Command line usage
# Run all tests
pytest
# Run with coverage
pytest --cov=myapp
# Generate HTML coverage report
pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=html
# Run specific test file
pytest tests/test_api.py
# Run tests with marker
pytest -m slow
# Run tests with verbose output
pytest -v
# Stop on first failure
pytest -x
使用测试驱动开发构建一个计算器。
要求:
关键技能: TDD 工作流、参数化测试、异常测试
为 REST API 创建全面的测试套件。
要求:
关键技能: 模拟、夹具、集成测试
使用夹具和事务测试数据库操作。
要求:
关键技能: 数据库夹具、清理、性能测试
掌握 pytest 后,探索:
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Master software testing with pytest, Python's most popular testing framework. Learn test-driven development (TDD), write maintainable tests, and ensure code quality through comprehensive testing strategies.
Code Example:
# test_calculator.py
import pytest
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def divide(a, b):
if b == 0:
raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")
return a / b
# Basic test
def test_add():
assert add(2, 3) == 5
assert add(-1, 1) == 0
assert add(0, 0) == 0
# Test exceptions
def test_divide_by_zero():
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Cannot divide by zero"):
divide(10, 0)
# Parametrized test
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", [
(10, 2, 5),
(20, 4, 5),
(100, 10, 10),
(-10, 2, -5),
])
def test_divide(a, b, expected):
assert divide(a, b) == expected
# Test with marker
@pytest.mark.slow
def test_complex_operation():
# This test takes a long time
result = sum(range(1000000))
assert result == 499999500000
Code Example:
# conftest.py
import pytest
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
"""Provide sample data for tests"""
return {
'users': [
{'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com'},
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Bob', 'email': 'bob@example.com'},
]
}
@pytest.fixture
def temp_file():
"""Create temporary file for testing"""
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False) as f:
f.write("Test data")
temp_path = f.name
yield temp_path
# Cleanup
Path(temp_path).unlink()
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def database_connection():
"""Module-scoped database connection"""
db = DatabaseConnection('test.db')
db.connect()
yield db
db.close()
# test_users.py
def test_user_count(sample_data):
assert len(sample_data['users']) == 2
def test_user_names(sample_data):
names = [user['name'] for user in sample_data['users']]
assert 'Alice' in names
assert 'Bob' in names
def test_file_operations(temp_file):
content = Path(temp_file).read_text()
assert content == "Test data"
Code Example:
# api_client.py
import requests
class APIClient:
def __init__(self, base_url):
self.base_url = base_url
def get_user(self, user_id):
response = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/users/{user_id}")
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
def create_user(self, user_data):
response = requests.post(f"{self.base_url}/users", json=user_data)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
# test_api_client.py
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
import pytest
@patch('api_client.requests.get')
def test_get_user(mock_get):
# Setup mock
mock_response = Mock()
mock_response.json.return_value = {'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice'}
mock_response.raise_for_status.return_value = None
mock_get.return_value = mock_response
# Test
client = APIClient('https://api.example.com')
user = client.get_user(1)
# Assertions
assert user['name'] == 'Alice'
mock_get.assert_called_once_with('https://api.example.com/users/1')
@patch('api_client.requests.post')
def test_create_user(mock_post):
# Setup mock
mock_response = Mock()
mock_response.json.return_value = {'id': 3, 'name': 'Charlie'}
mock_post.return_value = mock_response
# Test
client = APIClient('https://api.example.com')
user_data = {'name': 'Charlie', 'email': 'charlie@example.com'}
result = client.create_user(user_data)
# Assertions
assert result['id'] == 3
mock_post.assert_called_once_with(
'https://api.example.com/users',
json=user_data
)
Code Example:
# pytest.ini
[tool:pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
addopts =
--cov=myapp
--cov-report=html
--cov-report=term-missing
--cov-fail-under=80
-v
# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install pytest pytest-cov
- name: Run tests
run: |
pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=xml
- name: Upload coverage
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
with:
file: ./coverage.xml
# Command line usage
# Run all tests
pytest
# Run with coverage
pytest --cov=myapp
# Generate HTML coverage report
pytest --cov=myapp --cov-report=html
# Run specific test file
pytest tests/test_api.py
# Run tests with marker
pytest -m slow
# Run tests with verbose output
pytest -v
# Stop on first failure
pytest -x
Build a calculator using test-driven development.
Requirements:
Key Skills: TDD workflow, parametrized tests, exception testing
Create comprehensive test suite for a REST API.
Requirements:
Key Skills: Mocking, fixtures, integration testing
Test database operations with fixtures and transactions.
Requirements:
Key Skills: Database fixtures, cleanup, performance testing
After mastering pytest, explore:
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