JUnit 5 单元测试教程：Java/Kotlin 测试编写、Mockito 模拟与最佳实践

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When to use this skill

Use this skill whenever the user wants to:

• Write Java or Kotlin unit tests with JUnit 4 or JUnit 5 (Jupiter)
• Use annotations (@Test, @BeforeEach, @AfterEach, @ParameterizedTest)
• Apply assertions (assertEquals, assertThrows, assertAll)
• Integrate with Mockito or AssertJ for mocking and fluent assertions
• Configure test execution with Maven Surefire or Gradle

How to use this skill

Workflow

1. Write test classes and methods annotated with @Test
2. Set up and tear down test state with lifecycle annotations
3. Use assertions to verify expected behavior
4. Mock dependencies with Mockito for isolated unit tests

1. Basic JUnit 5 Test

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

class CalculatorTest {
    @Test
    void shouldAddTwoNumbers() {
        Calculator calc = new Calculator();
        assertEquals(5, calc.add(2, 3));
    }

    @Test
    void shouldThrowOnDivideByZero() {
        Calculator calc = new Calculator();
        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> calc.divide(1, 0));
    }
}

2. Lifecycle Annotations

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;

class UserServiceTest {
    private UserService userService;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        userService = new UserService(new InMemoryUserRepository());
    }

    @AfterEach
    void tearDown() {
        // Clean up resources
    }
}

3. Parameterized Tests

import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;

class StringTest {
    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource({"hello,5", "'',0", "junit,5"})
    void shouldReturnCorrectLength(String input, int expected) {
        assertEquals(expected, input.length());
    }
}

4. Mocking with Mockito

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class OrderServiceTest {
    @Mock private OrderRepository orderRepository;
    @InjectMocks private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    void shouldSaveOrder() {
        Order order = new Order("item-1", 2);
        orderService.placeOrder(order);
        verify(orderRepository).save(order);
    }
}

5. Running Tests

# Maven
mvn test

# Gradle
gradle test

# With coverage (JaCoCo)
mvn test jacoco:report

Best Practices

• Keep tests independent and repeatable; avoid dependencies on execution order or external services
• Use Mockito to isolate the unit under test from its dependencies
• Name tests descriptively (e.g., shouldReturnEmptyListWhenNoUsersExist)
• Balance coverage with test speed; run full suite in CI
• Use @Nested classes to group related test cases

Resources

• JUnit 5 User Guide: https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/
• Mockito: https://site.mockito.org/
• AssertJ: https://assertj.github.io/doc/

Keywords

junit, JUnit 5, JUnit Jupiter, unit testing, Java, Kotlin, assertions, Mockito, parameterized tests, BeforeEach, AfterEach, test lifecycle

Weekly Installs

64

Repository

teachingai/full…k-skills

GitHub Stars

265

First Seen

Jan 24, 2026

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