个人陈述写作助手 - 5步结构化流程，AI辅助撰写留学/求职申请文书

Core Requirements to gather:

• Goals: Primary objective (e.g., Master's, PhD, job)? Target program/school?
• Receivers: Who is reading this? What do they value most? (Ask for specific job requirements, lab expectations, or program prerequisites if not provided).
• Brand Voice: What tone fits the applicant? Any specific impression to leave?
• Limitations: Word/character limit? Deadline? Language requirements?

4. Save Context: Once sufficient context is gathered, proactively offer to save or update this information into .claude/personal-statement-context.md so the user can reuse it for future applications. Use the create_file or replace_string_in_file tool to save this context if the user agrees.

Exit condition: You have enough context to outline the statement. Transition to Stage 2: Plan.

Stage 2: Plan

Goal: Structure the narrative arc before writing.

1. Content Pillars: Propose 3-5 content pillars based on the gathered context. See references/frameworks.md for the Content Pillars Framework and examples.

2. Discipline Alignment: Check if the user's target discipline has specific writing focus points. See references/discipline.md for discipline-specific guidance on:

• Core qualities valued in each field (CS, Engineering, Business, Medicine, Law, etc.)
• What to highlight vs. avoid for each discipline
• Discipline-specific examples and strong sentence patterns

3. Outline: Present a high-level outline to the user. Ask for their feedback and adjust as necessary.

Exit condition: The user approves the outline. Transition to Stage 3: Write.

Stage 3: Write

Goal: Draft the personal statement based on the approved outline.

1. Format Selection: Choose the appropriate format based on the application context. See references/frameworks.md for Format Templates by Scenario.

2. Drafting: Write the first draft. Apply these writing principles:

• Show, don't tell — Replace vague adjectives with specific anecdotes and data
• Research Progression — Structure research experiences to show clear capability growth over time (e.g., from learning basics/assisting -> mastering specific techniques -> independent project leadership/publishing). Connect parallel projects with transitional sentences that demonstrate evolving skills (e.g., "Project A built my hardware and project management skills, which allowed me to dive into core algorithms in Project B, solidifying my lifelong interest in the field").
• Structured Future Plans — Break down future academic/career plans into specific, actionable phases rather than a single vague paragraph:
  • Short-term : Coursework, building theoretical foundations, and quickly integrating into the target lab.
  • Medium-term : Conducting substantive research under the advisor's guidance, aiming for high-level papers/patents in specific sub-fields.
  • Long-term : Clear career goals (e.g., pursuing a PhD, or R&D roles in specific high-tech industries).
• Sincere Motivation — Express a strong, genuine desire for the specific program/lab without being overly dramatic. Explicitly state why the target university is a long-standing goal and why the specific professor's team is the absolute best platform to realize the applicant's research dreams.
• Requirement Alignment — Explicitly map the applicant's experiences and skills to the specific requirements of the target program, lab, or job description. If the program emphasizes leadership, highlight leadership in projects; if a lab requires specific technical skills (e.g., Python, hardware design), ensure those are prominently featured and proven through past work.
• Uniqueness — Highlight what makes this applicant different; avoid clichés
• Anti-AI Tone — Avoid common AI buzzwords (e.g., delve, tapestry, beacon, testament, pivotal). Use plain, direct verbs. Vary sentence length to mimic human breathing patterns. See references/examples.md for common AI vocabulary red flags and alternatives.
• Coherence — Ensure smooth logical transitions between paragraphs
• Authenticity — Build on real experiences; never fabricate or exaggerate
• Relevance — Every sentence should serve the application goal
• Voice — Confident yet genuine tone; assertive, not arrogant

3. Openings and Closings: Craft compelling opening hooks and closing statements. See references/examples.md for:

• 4 powerful opening techniques (Curiosity Gap, Micro-Interaction, Unconventional Belief, Visual Opening)
• 3 closing patterns (Narrative Circle, Forward-Looking Pivot, Humble-but-Ready)

Exit condition: The first draft is presented to the user. Transition to Stage 4: Polish.

Stage 4: Polish

Goal: Refine the draft for maximum impact.

If the user provided their own draft initially, start here.

1. Grammar & mechanics — Fix spelling, punctuation, subject-verb agreement
2. Sentence variety — Vary length and structure; eliminate redundancy
3. Tone check — Ensure voice is appropriate for the audience (formal vs. conversational)
4. Word count — Verify within requirements; cut the least impactful content first
5. Flow test — Read aloud mentally; transitions should feel natural, not forced
6. Specificity scan — Flag any remaining vague claims and replace with evidence
7. AI-sounding language check — Remove common AI buzzwords (delve, tapestry, beacon, testament, pivotal, poised). See references/examples.md for a comprehensive red-flag list and human-sounding alternatives.
8. Show, don't tell review — Convert "I am [adjective]" statements into specific examples with actions and outcomes. See references/examples.md for before/after comparisons.

Exit condition: The polished draft is presented. Transition to Stage 5: Iterate.

Stage 5: Iterate

Goal: Finalize the document through user feedback.

1. First review — Ask the user to identify sections that feel weak, inaccurate, or off-tone
2. Targeted revision — Revise only the flagged sections; do not rewrite the entire draft
3. Second opinion — Suggest the user share with a mentor, advisor, or native speaker for feedback
4. Final pass — Incorporate external feedback; do one last check on word count, formatting, and tone
5. Version control — If the user applies to multiple programs, create tailored variants by adjusting the "Why this program" and "Future goals" sections; keep the core narrative stable

Revision checklist for the user:

• Does the opening hook grab attention in the first two sentences?
• Is every claim backed by a specific example or number?
• Does the "Why this program" section name concrete details (faculty, labs, courses)?
• Is the closing memorable and forward-looking?
• Does the word count meet the requirement?

Language Handling

When the user requests outputs in specific languages, bilingual formats, or multiple languages, follow these precise guidelines:

1. Single Language (Default)

• Behavior: Default to the language of the user's prompt unless specified otherwise.
• Tone & Vocabulary: Ensure the vocabulary, idioms, and sentence structures are highly idiomatic for the target language's academic or professional context. Avoid obvious translation artifacts (e.g., "Chinglish").

2. Bilingual Parallel Text (e.g., English-Chinese)

• Trigger: The user explicitly requests a bilingual version, translation, or parallel text.
• Format: Use a Paragraph-by-Paragraph structure. Do not mix languages within the same paragraph.
  • Example: [Target Language Paragraph 1] [Native Language Translation of Paragraph 1] [Target Language Paragraph 2] [Native Language Translation of Paragraph 2]
• Alignment: Ensure strict semantic alignment between the two languages. Maintain consistent professional terminology across both versions.

3. Multiple Languages / Multiple Files

• Trigger: The user needs the statement in multiple languages for different programs/countries (e.g., one for the US, one for Japan).
• Isolation: Do not mix the languages in a single output unless requested. Treat them as completely independent versions.
• File Management: Proactively offer to save each language version as a separate file using the create_file tool (e.g., PS_English.md, PS_Japanese.md).
• Localization over Translation: Do not merely translate word-for-word. Adapt the tone and content to the cultural expectations of the target country (e.g., US statements often favor bold, direct achievements; Japanese statements may require more emphasis on humility, teamwork, and formal academic respect).

Handling Common Issues

Core Principles for Personal Statements

Keep these principles in mind throughout the entire process, especially when advising PhD or graduate applicants:

1. Maintain Relevance: This is a statement about the applicant as a potential candidate, not just a personal biography. Ensure all content relates to their future academic or professional career.
2. Differentiate from Research Proposals: A personal statement and a research proposal are distinct. If both are required, ensure they cover different (but complementary) areas without unnecessary repetition.
3. Be Truthful: Content in the PS may be questioned during interviews. Never fabricate or inaccurately represent experiences to avoid future pitfalls.
4. Focus on the Essentials: Never try to include everything. Focusing on the most important and impactful content improves clarity and leaves room for elaboration during an interview.
5. Address the Elephant in the Room: If there are gaps in the resume or other obvious issues, the PS is the place to (briefly and constructively) explain them.
6. Declare, Don't Beg: This is not a plea for admission. It is a confident declaration of why the applicant deserves the position or degree.
7. Project Confidence: Honestly present skills and achievements, and show pride in what they represent.

Reference Materials

• Core frameworks and templates: see references/frameworks.md
• Detailed format templates: see references/post-templates.md
• Discipline-specific PS focus points: see references/discipline.md
• Annotated strong examples: see references/examples.md

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