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Python PDF处理指南：合并、拆分、提取文本表格与创建PDF文件教程

pdf by guanyang/antigravity-skills

61 周安装量

595 GitHub Stars

GitHub

安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/guanyang/antigravity-skills --skill pdf

Python Web框架文件管理数据处理

🇨🇳中文介绍

PDF 处理指南

概述

本指南涵盖了使用 Python 库和命令行工具进行 PDF 处理的基本操作。关于高级功能、JavaScript 库和详细示例，请参阅 REFERENCE.md。如果您需要填写 PDF 表单，请阅读 FORMS.md 并遵循其说明。

快速开始

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

# 读取 PDF
reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
print(f"Pages: {len(reader.pages)}")

# 提取文本
text = ""
for page in reader.pages:
    text += page.extract_text()

Python 库

pypdf - 基本操作

合并 PDF

from pypdf import PdfWriter, PdfReader

writer = PdfWriter()
for pdf_file in ["doc1.pdf", "doc2.pdf", "doc3.pdf"]:
    reader = PdfReader(pdf_file)
    for page in reader.pages:
        writer.add_page(page)

with open("merged.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

拆分 PDF

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
    writer = PdfWriter()
    writer.add_page(page)
    with open(f"page_{i+1}.pdf", "wb") as output:
        writer.write(output)

提取元数据

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pdfplumber - 文本和表格提取

提取带布局的文本

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for page in pdf.pages:
        text = page.extract_text()
        print(text)

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages):
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for j, table in enumerate(tables):
            print(f"Table {j+1} on page {i+1}:")
            for row in table:
                print(row)

import pandas as pd

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    all_tables = []
    for page in pdf.pages:
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for table in tables:
            if table:  # 检查表格是否非空
                df = pd.DataFrame(table[1:], columns=table[0])
                all_tables.append(df)

# 合并所有表格
if all_tables:
    combined_df = pd.concat(all_tables, ignore_index=True)
    combined_df.to_excel("extracted_tables.xlsx", index=False)

reportlab - 创建 PDF

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

c = canvas.Canvas("hello.pdf", pagesize=letter)
width, height = letter

# 添加文本
c.drawString(100, height - 100, "Hello World!")
c.drawString(100, height - 120, "This is a PDF created with reportlab")

# 添加一条线
c.line(100, height - 140, 400, height - 140)

# 保存
c.save()

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

doc = SimpleDocTemplate("report.pdf", pagesize=letter)
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
story = []

# 添加内容
title = Paragraph("Report Title", styles['Title'])
story.append(title)
story.append(Spacer(1, 12))

body = Paragraph("This is the body of the report. " * 20, styles['Normal'])
story.append(body)
story.append(PageBreak())

# 第 2 页
story.append(Paragraph("Page 2", styles['Heading1']))
story.append(Paragraph("Content for page 2", styles['Normal']))

# 构建 PDF
doc.build(story)

重要提示：切勿在 ReportLab PDF 中使用 Unicode 下标/上标字符（₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉, ⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹）。内置字体不包含这些字形，会导致它们渲染为实心黑框。

相反，请在 Paragraph 对象中使用 ReportLab 的 XML 标记标签：

from reportlab.platypus import Paragraph
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# 下标：使用 <sub> 标签
chemical = Paragraph("H<sub>2</sub>O", styles['Normal'])

# 上标：使用 <super> 标签
squared = Paragraph("x<super>2</super> + y<super>2</super>", styles['Normal'])

对于画布绘制的文本（非 Paragraph 对象），请手动调整字体大小和位置，而不是使用 Unicode 下标/上标。

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

# 提取文本
pdftotext input.pdf output.txt

# 提取文本并保留布局
pdftotext -layout input.pdf output.txt

# 提取特定页面
pdftotext -f 1 -l 5 input.pdf output.txt  # 第 1-5 页

# 合并 PDF
qpdf --empty --pages file1.pdf file2.pdf -- merged.pdf

# 拆分页面
qpdf input.pdf --pages . 1-5 -- pages1-5.pdf
qpdf input.pdf --pages . 6-10 -- pages6-10.pdf

# 旋转页面
qpdf input.pdf output.pdf --rotate=+90:1  # 将第 1 页旋转 90 度

# 移除密码
qpdf --password=mypassword --decrypt encrypted.pdf decrypted.pdf

pdftk (如果可用)

# 合并
pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output merged.pdf

# 拆分
pdftk input.pdf burst

# 旋转
pdftk input.pdf rotate 1east output rotated.pdf

从扫描的 PDF 中提取文本

# 需要：pip install pytesseract pdf2image
import pytesseract
from pdf2image import convert_from_path

# 将 PDF 转换为图像
images = convert_from_path('scanned.pdf')

# 对每一页进行 OCR
text = ""
for i, image in enumerate(images):
    text += f"Page {i+1}:\n"
    text += pytesseract.image_to_string(image)
    text += "\n\n"

print(text)

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

# 创建水印（或加载现有的）
watermark = PdfReader("watermark.pdf").pages[0]

# 应用到所有页面
reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    page.merge_page(watermark)
    writer.add_page(page)

with open("watermarked.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

# 使用 pdfimages (poppler-utils)
pdfimages -j input.pdf output_prefix

# 这将提取所有图像为 output_prefix-000.jpg, output_prefix-001.jpg 等。

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    writer.add_page(page)

# 添加密码
writer.encrypt("userpassword", "ownerpassword")

with open("encrypted.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

任务	最佳工具	命令/代码
合并 PDF	pypdf	`writer.add_page(page)`
拆分 PDF	pypdf	每页一个文件
提取文本	pdfplumber	`page.extract_text()`
提取表格	pdfplumber	`page.extract_tables()`
创建 PDF	reportlab	Canvas 或 Platypus
命令行合并	qpdf	`qpdf --empty --pages ...`
OCR 扫描的 PDF	pytesseract	先转换为图像
填写 PDF 表单	pdf-lib 或 pypdf (见 FORMS.md)	参见 FORMS.md

关于高级 pypdfium2 用法，请参阅 REFERENCE.md
关于 JavaScript 库 (pdf-lib)，请参阅 REFERENCE.md
如果您需要填写 PDF 表单，请遵循 FORMS.md 中的说明
关于故障排除指南，请参阅 REFERENCE.md

2026 年 1 月 26 日

🇺🇸English

PDF Processing Guide

Overview

This guide covers essential PDF processing operations using Python libraries and command-line tools. For advanced features, JavaScript libraries, and detailed examples, see REFERENCE.md. If you need to fill out a PDF form, read FORMS.md and follow its instructions.

Quick Start

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

# Read a PDF
reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
print(f"Pages: {len(reader.pages)}")

# Extract text
text = ""
for page in reader.pages:
    text += page.extract_text()

Python Libraries

pypdf - Basic Operations

Merge PDFs

from pypdf import PdfWriter, PdfReader

writer = PdfWriter()
for pdf_file in ["doc1.pdf", "doc2.pdf", "doc3.pdf"]:
    reader = PdfReader(pdf_file)
    for page in reader.pages:
        writer.add_page(page)

with open("merged.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

Split PDF

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
    writer = PdfWriter()
    writer.add_page(page)
    with open(f"page_{i+1}.pdf", "wb") as output:
        writer.write(output)

Extract Metadata

reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
meta = reader.metadata
print(f"Title: {meta.title}")
print(f"Author: {meta.author}")
print(f"Subject: {meta.subject}")
print(f"Creator: {meta.creator}")

Rotate Pages

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

page = reader.pages[0]
page.rotate(90)  # Rotate 90 degrees clockwise
writer.add_page(page)

with open("rotated.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

pdfplumber - Text and Table Extraction

Extract Text with Layout

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for page in pdf.pages:
        text = page.extract_text()
        print(text)

Extract Tables

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages):
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for j, table in enumerate(tables):
            print(f"Table {j+1} on page {i+1}:")
            for row in table:
                print(row)

Advanced Table Extraction

import pandas as pd

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    all_tables = []
    for page in pdf.pages:
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for table in tables:
            if table:  # Check if table is not empty
                df = pd.DataFrame(table[1:], columns=table[0])
                all_tables.append(df)

# Combine all tables
if all_tables:
    combined_df = pd.concat(all_tables, ignore_index=True)
    combined_df.to_excel("extracted_tables.xlsx", index=False)

reportlab - Create PDFs

Basic PDF Creation

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

c = canvas.Canvas("hello.pdf", pagesize=letter)
width, height = letter

# Add text
c.drawString(100, height - 100, "Hello World!")
c.drawString(100, height - 120, "This is a PDF created with reportlab")

# Add a line
c.line(100, height - 140, 400, height - 140)

# Save
c.save()

Create PDF with Multiple Pages

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

doc = SimpleDocTemplate("report.pdf", pagesize=letter)
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
story = []

# Add content
title = Paragraph("Report Title", styles['Title'])
story.append(title)
story.append(Spacer(1, 12))

body = Paragraph("This is the body of the report. " * 20, styles['Normal'])
story.append(body)
story.append(PageBreak())

# Page 2
story.append(Paragraph("Page 2", styles['Heading1']))
story.append(Paragraph("Content for page 2", styles['Normal']))

# Build PDF
doc.build(story)

Subscripts and Superscripts

IMPORTANT : Never use Unicode subscript/superscript characters (₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉, ⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹) in ReportLab PDFs. The built-in fonts do not include these glyphs, causing them to render as solid black boxes.

Instead, use ReportLab's XML markup tags in Paragraph objects:

from reportlab.platypus import Paragraph
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# Subscripts: use <sub> tag
chemical = Paragraph("H<sub>2</sub>O", styles['Normal'])

# Superscripts: use <super> tag
squared = Paragraph("x<super>2</super> + y<super>2</super>", styles['Normal'])

For canvas-drawn text (not Paragraph objects), manually adjust font the size and position rather than using Unicode subscripts/superscripts.

Command-Line Tools

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

# Extract text
pdftotext input.pdf output.txt

# Extract text preserving layout
pdftotext -layout input.pdf output.txt

# Extract specific pages
pdftotext -f 1 -l 5 input.pdf output.txt  # Pages 1-5

qpdf

# Merge PDFs
qpdf --empty --pages file1.pdf file2.pdf -- merged.pdf

# Split pages
qpdf input.pdf --pages . 1-5 -- pages1-5.pdf
qpdf input.pdf --pages . 6-10 -- pages6-10.pdf

# Rotate pages
qpdf input.pdf output.pdf --rotate=+90:1  # Rotate page 1 by 90 degrees

# Remove password
qpdf --password=mypassword --decrypt encrypted.pdf decrypted.pdf

pdftk (if available)

# Merge
pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output merged.pdf

# Split
pdftk input.pdf burst

# Rotate
pdftk input.pdf rotate 1east output rotated.pdf

Common Tasks

Extract Text from Scanned PDFs

# Requires: pip install pytesseract pdf2image
import pytesseract
from pdf2image import convert_from_path

# Convert PDF to images
images = convert_from_path('scanned.pdf')

# OCR each page
text = ""
for i, image in enumerate(images):
    text += f"Page {i+1}:\n"
    text += pytesseract.image_to_string(image)
    text += "\n\n"

print(text)

Add Watermark

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

# Create watermark (or load existing)
watermark = PdfReader("watermark.pdf").pages[0]

# Apply to all pages
reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    page.merge_page(watermark)
    writer.add_page(page)

with open("watermarked.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

Extract Images

# Using pdfimages (poppler-utils)
pdfimages -j input.pdf output_prefix

# This extracts all images as output_prefix-000.jpg, output_prefix-001.jpg, etc.

Password Protection

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    writer.add_page(page)

# Add password
writer.encrypt("userpassword", "ownerpassword")

with open("encrypted.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

Quick Reference

Task	Best Tool	Command/Code
Merge PDFs	pypdf	`writer.add_page(page)`
Split PDFs	pypdf	One page per file
Extract text	pdfplumber	`page.extract_text()`
Extract tables	pdfplumber	`page.extract_tables()`
Create PDFs	reportlab	Canvas or Platypus
Command line merge	qpdf	`qpdf --empty --pages ...`

Next Steps

For advanced pypdfium2 usage, see REFERENCE.md
For JavaScript libraries (pdf-lib), see REFERENCE.md
If you need to fill out a PDF form, follow the instructions in FORMS.md
For troubleshooting guides, see REFERENCE.md

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6,200 周安装

Python PDF处理指南：合并、拆分、提取文本表格与创建PDF文件教程

🇨🇳中文介绍

PDF 处理指南

概述

快速开始

Python 库

pypdf - 基本操作

合并 PDF

拆分 PDF

提取元数据

相关 Skills

旋转页面

pdfplumber - 文本和表格提取

提取带布局的文本

提取表格

高级表格提取

reportlab - 创建 PDF

基本 PDF 创建

创建多页 PDF

下标和上标

命令行工具

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

qpdf

pdftk (如果可用)

常见任务

从扫描的 PDF 中提取文本

添加水印

提取图像

密码保护

快速参考

后续步骤

🇺🇸English

PDF Processing Guide

Overview

Quick Start

Python Libraries

pypdf - Basic Operations

Merge PDFs

Split PDF

Extract Metadata

Rotate Pages

pdfplumber - Text and Table Extraction

Extract Text with Layout

Extract Tables

Advanced Table Extraction

reportlab - Create PDFs

Basic PDF Creation

Create PDF with Multiple Pages

Subscripts and Superscripts

Command-Line Tools

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

qpdf

pdftk (if available)

Common Tasks

Extract Text from Scanned PDFs

Add Watermark

Extract Images

Password Protection

Quick Reference

Next Steps

最新 Skills